The Birthmark Essay -- Literary Analysis, Nathaniel Hawthorne

A man is never satiated he is constantly striving for perfection, imprudent about eventuality. Such is the case in Nathaniel Hawthornes The Birthmark. An escape from reality, Romanticisms high quality over Rationalism, a fascination for Gods revelation make Nathaniel Hawthornes The Birthmark Romantic literature. When the quest for human feat opposes divine setup, it has no chance of prospering. In fact, toilsome to flee from reality and intervening nature recurrently leads to upsetting consequences. In this short narrative, it is salient to discern that the birthmark is just that a birthmark, that is, something physical and a birthmark, that is, something not acquired but inherent, one of Georgianas givens, in fact, equivalent to the exqui investe personage (Fetterley 2). Furthermore, Aylmers revulsion for the birthmark is importunate. In other words, it can be said that he is unable to accept the fact that nature cannot be changed or altered. A literary critic prop oses that, Aylmer reads the birthmark as a sign of the inevitable imperfection of all(a) things in nature and sees in it a challenge to mans ability to transcend nature (Fetterley 1). In addition, Aylmer is so haughty of his knowledge that he remains immobile in doing what he should never have done and says, Unless all my science have deceived me, it cannot fail (Hawthorne 12). His past experiences, his dreams, every evidence tells him that this try out will be fatal for Georgiana, yet he proceeds (Eckstein 1). Nevertheless, his nightmares about the pygmy birthmark constrain him to emancipate himself from any kind of rules leading him to perform the fatal experiment of eliminating something that is inherent and indigenous. Beside... ...ect all along. Surely, the aim of scientific knowledge is to try to make the world a better and convenient place to live, not to learn to con with Gods revelation. The birthmark consecutively symbolizes nature, exquisiteness and demise . Likewise, nature places numerous flaws and shortcomings on us to symbolize that no person can reach perfection. What is the lesson behind this moral allegory? The worlds destiny, howsoever sad it is, is not only under the direct control of God but also nature. Man has absolutely nothing to do with destiny. Hawthorne wants us to comprehend that rapture should be more inclined toward spirituality and affection than worldly gains. Nathaniel Hawthorne beautifully proposes, Happiness is a butterfly, which when pursued, is always just beyond your grasp, but which, if you will sit down quietly, may alight upon you.

Essay --

What is approve? Love is the force that binds our feelings. It is very difficult to get out of it, sometimes even impossible. The ability to love in the human beings can manifest itself in the form of attachment, complex social relationships within the group type, but it is to the full controversial and has not been confirmed. Love is the highest moral and aesthetic sense, which means a strong emotional attachment and selfless commitment to another person. Love is base on qualities such as selflessness, dedication, devotion. Love is very emotional feeling it is characterized by high elation flourishing desires, high availability dissolved in the subject of love. In a state of love one experiences a special satisfaction from life that is the state of happiness.The notion of love is multifaceted and includes the love of parents, children, homeland, the object of the opposite sex, love of neighbor. In different religion ethics highest expression of love is agape - which means love o f God. The notion of love as a moral quality is formed in a persons lifetime. At first formed desire for the...

John Locke’s Views on Property and Liberty, as Outlined in His Second T

rump Lockes Views on Property and Liberty, as Outlined in His Second Treatise of Govern ment whoremonger Lockes views on holding and liberty, as outlined in his Second Treatise of Government (1690), have had varying interpretations and treatments by subsequent generations of authors. At one extreme, Locke has been claimed as one of the early originators of western liberalism, who had sought to lay the foundations for civil government, based on universal consent and the natural nears of individuals. 1 Others have charged that what Locke had re whollyy done, whether by choice or unintentionally, was to provide a justification for the entrenched inequality and privileges of the bourgeoisie, in the emerging capitalist society of seventeenth century England. The crux of these arguments either track have centered on Chapter 5 in the Second Treatise, entitled Of Property. John Lockes Of Property Locke was dissatisfied with explanations given by such authors as Robert Filmer, which ha d sought to snip the absolutism of monarchs by establishing that God had given all property to Adam and his heirs (based on the claims of Monarchs that they were indeed his descendents). Rather, his aim at the commencement ceremony of Chapter 5 is to show how men might come to have a property in several parts of that which God gave to mankind in common, and that without each express compact of all the commoners. 2 Lockes first assumption is that although God gave the world to men in common, all men have a right, in the first instance, to their preservation, and thus to meat and drink and such other things as nature affords for their subsistence. 3 Each individual has also been given reason to limit use of it to the best advan... ...London, Allen & Unwin, 1976. Bibliography Gough, J.W. John Lockes Political Philosophy Eight Studies, London, Oxford University Press, 1950, Ch. 4. Hundert, E.J. Market Society and Meaning in Lockes Political Philosophy in Journal of the History of Philosophy, XV (1977) Locke, John (edited by Peardon, Thomas, P.) The Second Treatise of Government, New York, Bobbs-Merrill, 1952 1690, Ch. 5. Macpherson, C.B. The Political Theory of Possessive Individualism Hobbes to Locke, London, Oxford University Press, 1962, Part 5. Ryan, A. Locke and the Dictatorship of the Bourgeoisie in Political Studies, XIII2 (June, 1965) Ryan, A. Property and Political Theory, London, Oxford University Press, 1987, Ch. 1. Weber, Max, (trans. Talcott Parsons), The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, (2nd edn.), London, Allen & Unwin, 1976. John Lockes Views on Property and Liberty, as Outlined in His Second TJohn Lockes Views on Property and Liberty, as Outlined in His Second Treatise of GovernmentJohn Lockes views on property and liberty, as outlined in his Second Treatise of Government (1690), have had varying interpretations and treatments by subsequent generations of authors. At one extreme, Locke has been claimed as one of the early originators of Western liberalism, who had sought to lay the foundations for civil government, based on universal consent and the natural rights of individuals. 1 Others have charged that what Locke had really done, whether intentionally or unintentionally, was to provide a justification for the entrenched inequality and privileges of the bourgeoisie, in the emerging capitalist society of seventeenth century England. The crux of these arguments either way have centered on Chapter 5 in the Second Treatise, entitled Of Property. John Lockes Of Property Locke was dissatisfied with explanations given by such authors as Robert Filmer, which had sought to rationalize the absolutism of monarchs by establishing that God had given all property to Adam and his heirs (based on the claims of Monarchs that they were indeed his descendents). Rather, his aim at the beginning of Chapter 5 is to show how men might come to have a property in several parts of that which God gave to mankind i n common, and that without any express compact of all the commoners. 2 Lockes first assumption is that although God gave the world to men in common, all men have a right, in the first instance, to their preservation, and consequently to meat and drink and such other things as nature affords for their subsistence. 3 Each individual has also been given reason to make use of it to the best advan... ...London, Allen & Unwin, 1976. Bibliography Gough, J.W. John Lockes Political Philosophy Eight Studies, London, Oxford University Press, 1950, Ch. 4. Hundert, E.J. Market Society and Meaning in Lockes Political Philosophy in Journal of the History of Philosophy, XV (1977) Locke, John (edited by Peardon, Thomas, P.) The Second Treatise of Government, New York, Bobbs-Merrill, 1952 1690, Ch. 5. Macpherson, C.B. The Political Theory of Possessive Individualism Hobbes to Locke, London, Oxford University Press, 1962, Part 5. Ryan, A. Locke and the Dictatorship of the Bourgeoisie in Political Stu dies, XIII2 (June, 1965) Ryan, A. Property and Political Theory, London, Oxford University Press, 1987, Ch. 1. Weber, Max, (trans. Talcott Parsons), The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, (2nd edn.), London, Allen & Unwin, 1976.

Courage in To Kill A Mockingbird :: To Kill a Mockingbird Essays

fortitude ?Courage is what it apportions to stand up and speak, Courage is also what it takes to sit down and listen? Courage is the thing which can be found in a child to an old man. It needs a lot of courage to take out(a) courage from the heart. It is identical a brain. It depends on the person, how and when he uses it. This precise word has the power to convey the whole gesture of a person. According to Harper lee side?s genius ?To Kill a mockingbird?, Courage is when you know you are licked to begin with you begin but you begin anyway and you influence it by means of it through with(predicate) no matter what.This novel tends us to picture Atticus as a very courageous man. His definition for this term doesn?t mean bravery or a man with a gun in his hand. He defines courage as ?When you know you are licked before you begin but you begin anyway and you see it through no matter what?. Atticus?s courage is represent ed very significantly and differently in this book. He undertook the case of a Negro who was wrongly accused of raping a white girl. He went against the whole antiblack community of the town. The opposition of the racist people failed to make him step back from the case. He and fought the case courageously. But the white jury couldn?t possibly be expected to take a black person?s work against the whites.Similarly, a great example of courage is displayed within the purport of Mrs. Dubose. She was a sick old woman, hold for death. However, she had one more goal to achieve before her life come to an end. She wished to free herself of a morphine addiction. Mrs. Dubose displayed courage in a situation where closely people would surrender to the drug. She did not fear for death. Moreover, she challenged death through her perseverance to leave this world free of addiction. People around her came to know of her courage by and by she passed away.Similarly, the largest example of cou rage is found in younger characters like Scout and Jem.Courage in To Kill A Mockingbird To Kill a Mockingbird EssaysCourage ?Courage is what it takes to stand up and speak, Courage is also what it takes to sit down and listen? Courage is the thing which can be found in a child to an old man. It needs a lot of courage to take out courage from the heart. It is like a brain. It depends on the person, how and when he uses it. This tiny word has the power to convey the whole gesture of a person. According to Harper Lee?s genius ?To Kill a Mockingbird?, Courage is when you know you are licked before you begin but you begin anyway and you see it through it through no matter what.This novel tends us to picture Atticus as a very courageous man. His definition for this term doesn?t mean bravery or a man with a gun in his hand. He defines courage as ?When you know you are licked before you begin but you begin anyway and you see it thro ugh no matter what?. Atticus?s courage is represented very significantly and differently in this book. He undertook the case of a Negro who was wrongly accused of raping a white girl. He went against the whole racist community of the town. The opposition of the racist people failed to make him step back from the case. He just fought the case courageously. But the white jury couldn?t possibly be expected to take a black person?s work against the whites.Similarly, a great example of courage is displayed within the life of Mrs. Dubose. She was a sick old woman, waiting for death. However, she had one more goal to achieve before her life come to an end. She wished to free herself of a morphine addiction. Mrs. Dubose displayed courage in a situation where most people would surrender to the drug. She did not fear for death. Moreover, she challenged death through her perseverance to leave this world free of addiction. People around her came to know of her courage after she passed away.Sim ilarly, the largest example of courage is found in younger characters like Scout and Jem.

The Morality of Reading The Catcher in the Rye in School Essay

The Morality of Reading The Catcher in the Rye in SchoolThe story of The Catcher In The Rye, can and is misinterpreted by legion(predicate)people. It is very easy to find The Catcher In The Rye immoral if youare reading the accommodate completely to prove that idea. This is so because youcan sheer the solid things and ideas the author is trying to convey byusing certain incidents that might be labeled wrong. On the otherhand, if you are reading the book and taking that extra step toanalyze the things that Holden Caulfield does and the things thathappens to him you end up having a greater appreciation for the noveland what it says.Throughout the book Holden has shown that he is a son who in realityhas a conscience and uses it. One example of this is when Holden goesto see Mr. Spencer, his former history teacher. Holden goes to visitMr. Spencer, who is ill with the grippe. He goes to tell him not to opinion bad for failing him in history. Holden did not have to do thisthis was an act of courtesy because he knew that Mr. Spencer feltsorry that he had flunked Holden in his class. Holden also sits by Mr. Spencers lecture on how life is a game, a game that onemust play according to the rules. Holden who absolutely hates talkslike this, did not have to sit through it, he could have gotten up andleft, exactly he didnt he showed respect for one of his superiors andwhat he had to say. I call back this is an act that every child andadult should know and do.I am the most terrific liar you ever saw in your life. (16)Holden Caulfield is a good liar. Holden even admits to it. Manypeople might say that this is setting a bad example but throughoutstory his lies make people whole tone better. For example, when Holden was... ...ain is fuck you. Even thoughHolden always uses these words, he doesnt want his younger sisterbeing exposed to that kind of profanity. He does care or so innocenceand morality.You cant ever find a place thats nice and peaceful, because thereisnt a ny. You may think there is, but once you get there, whenyoure not looking, somebodyll sneak up and write Fuck You rightunder your noseThe virtuousness, morality, or principles are as apparent as thedepravities throughout the novel of The Catcher In The Rye. Althoughwhen you actually read and examine the book you realize that there areno immoralities. The only way you can come to that conclusion, iswith ignorance and a lack of knowledge. To fully recognize andunderstand the hidden ideas or picture the author is trying to portrayin the readers minds you need knowledge and insight.

The Morality of Reading The Catcher in the Rye in School Essay

The Morality of Reading The Catcher in the Rye in SchoolThe story of The Catcher In The Rye, stern and is misinterpreted by many spate. It is very easy to find The Catcher In The Rye immoral if you be development the book only to prove that idea. This is so because youcan ignore the good things and ideas the author is trying to convey byusing certain incidents that might be labeled wrong. On the otherhand, if you are reading the book and taking that extra step toanalyze the things that Holden Caulfield does and the things thathappens to him you end up having a greater appreciation for the noveland what it says.Throughout the book Holden has shown that he is a boy who in realityhas a conscience and uses it. One example of this is when Holden goesto see Mr. Spencer, his former history teacher. Holden goes to visitMr. Spencer, who is ill with the grippe. He goes to tell him non tofeel bad for failing him in history. Holden did not have to do thisthis was an act of courtesy because he knew that Mr. Spencer feltsorry that he had flunked Holden in his class. Holden besides sitsthrough Mr. Spencers lecture on how life is a game, a game that onemust play according to the rules. Holden who absolutely hates talks manage this, did not have to sit through it, he could have gotten up andleft, but he didnt he showed respect for one of his superiors andwhat he had to say. I believe this is an act that every child andadult should know and do.I am the most terrific liar you ever saw in your life. (16)Holden Caulfield is a good liar. Holden even admits to it. Manypeople might say that this is setting a bad example but throughoutstory his lies make people feel better. For example, when Holden was... ...ain is fuck you. Even thoughHolden always uses these words, he doesnt want his younger sisterbeing exposed to that kind of profanity. He does business organisation about innocenceand morality.You cant ever find a place thats nice and peaceful, because on that pointisnt any. You may think there is, but once you get there, whenyoure not looking, somebodyll sneak up and write Fuck You rightunder your noseThe virtuousness, morality, or principles are as apparent as thedepravities throughout the novel of The Catcher In The Rye. Althoughwhen you actually read and examine the book you realize that there areno immoralities. The only way you can come to that conclusion, iswith ignorance and a lack of knowledge. To fully recognize andunderstand the hidden ideas or picture the author is trying to submitin the readers minds you need knowledge and insight.

Good for Another Essay

We were in our final year in secondary nurture, and we were asked to pay for WAEC and NECO fees. Some paying(a) for WAEC only, any(prenominal) paid for NECO only, while some paid for both. Three weeks before the closing date, me and my friend went egress for break, though it was prohibited to annihilate your breakfast in the class but me and adenosine deaminase often eat there. That day, when we went into class, we were surprise to see one of our classmate Sarah crying. We asked her why she was crying and she told us her parent dissolvenot afford to pay for her WAEC or NECO fees. I was touched by the federal agency she was crying and I promise her I would pay for her, I told her I would tell my parents and I was sure they will pay for her. Me and Ada told her to wipe her tear before the rest of the student came in from break.That day, when I reached home I told my mother about it and she promised to pay for her WAEC only, that she would give me the money in ii days.We eithe r graduated from secondary school and we all made our result and almost all of us furthered our education to Universities of various types. I lost contact with Ada and Sarah since then but, you know Life have to go on.I was at the school caf one day when I sawing machine Sarah, oh my God I cant believe I was seeing her, we were so happy to see each other again after our life in secondary school. We talked for so long, and through our chatting I discovered her Dad was now rich, and she was studying Law. We exchanged phone numbers and hostel Numbers. We became friends again.At the end of second semester in school, I went home only to find out my father was dead, he was hit by a bus the night before the day I came home. I wept, oh my God I did not only wept because I lost my father, I also wept that my education might stop, I wept that all my years in school might be wasted. I wept that I fell sick and was admitted at the hospital for a week. A week after I was discharged from the hos pital, I heard registration for next semester will be closing in one week. I told my mother, but she told me she cannot afford the fee. I was devastated, I was afraid that my greatest fear is coming to reality. I decided to go to Sarah for help, but to my greatest surprise, she told me she wanted to use the money she had for something else. It hurts me so much that I wept right in front of her. All she could tell me was she cant give me the money.I wept home and told my mother what Sarah told me, she could not believe this, she could not believe this was the girl she helped some years back. She told me to wipe my tears, and that life goes on. I was dropped out of school and I started apprenticeship in a salon shop not far from our house. After two years, I invested my own salon and with more effort and the help and support of my mother, my shop grew up. My salon became one of the best of the healthful known salon.I was in my salon one day when Ada came in, I did not even notice her . I was busy working when I heard someone foretell my name, I turned and saw Ada, I shouted and hugged her. Oh Goodness, I was seeing Ada again after so many years. We chatted for a while and she told me she saw Sarah, she told me Sarah was dropped out of school and arrested by the Police, that she was caught with Cocaine. I told her what happened to me, how I was dropped out of school, she was surprise that Sarah could do such a thing to me, me of all people.I told her I was well over it, and Sarah deserved all that happened to her. Though I am successful in life but, I will never forget how I was dropped out of school. I may forgive Sarah but, I will never forget what she did to me.

A Passage to India disseminates a horde

E.M.Forster in his celebrated novel A Passage to India disseminates a horde of messages, one of which is liberal-humanistic attitude that can help stall SEPARATION, which is again a major theme of the novel. Like Whitmans cry Passage to more than India, Forsters novel is more than an historical novel about India it is a prophetic work in which Forster is concerned not only with the path to greater understanding of India but also with mans quest for truth and understanding of the universe he lives in.Forster shows in the novel how mans attempts to realise unity are continually dominated and shattered by forces he cannot control. On this theme of Separation, Lionel Trilling comments, The theme of separateness of fences and barriers , the old theme of Pauline epistles, which runs through all Forsters novels is in A Passage to India, hugely expanded and everywhere dominant. The separation of race from race, sex, culture from culture is what underlies every relationship.In this context, the some obvious of these separations is that mingled with the Indians and the English. The earlier part of the novel is concerned with showing the wide disjuncture between the rulers and the ruled, between the white Englishmen and the colored Indians.As pointed out in the first chapter of the novel, Chandrapore is divided into two sections the English Civil Station and the Native Section, the one having nada to do with the other the Civil Station shares nothing with the urban center except the overarching sky. This division in landscape is symptomatic of the wide gulf that separates the rulers from the ruled. Is it possible to be friends with an Englishman ?the Indians ask and Forsters answer in the novel is a clear NO as long as the English remain unfeeling, proud and autocratic towards the Indians. Even the Bridge Party thrown to bridge the gulf between the English and the Indians ends in a fiasco. After having invited the Indians to the Bridge Party ,the English do not bot her to go out and meet them.It goes without express that after such humiliation, the Indians harbor nothing but a collective attitude of fear and hatred in response to the collective attitude of despite shown by the Englishmen. Love and fraternal feelings could have been the right way of treating the modest Indians, feels Forster.Another dramatic instance of separation in the novel is that which comes to exist between Aziz and Fielding. present is a crucial situation in which an Englishman sets aside his snobbishness and attempts a genuine rapport with a warm, impulsive Indian, and yet final understanding is shown to be impossible. It is, perhaps, because the primary barrier between them had been their identities one a member of the ruler class while the other was a member of the subject race. As Arnold tympani points out, on that point are political pressures of imperialism which distort the relationship between Aziz and Fielding.But the ebb and flow of their relationship is d isturbed by more serious factorsdifferences of background and value by the clash of standards on beauty, propriety and emotional expression. Kindness, kindness and more kindnessthis prescription of Aziz about the racial problem does not seem to go a long way a trust in the power of affectionate friendship is not enough to bridge the growing hiatus between close friends even.Further there is the glaring contrast in their characters between the liberal Englishman traveling light and the impulsive Aziz rooted in society and Islam. While gracility and spontaneous affection breaks down the initial barriers between them, there are signs that Fieldings immature imagination and Azizs sensitiveness are overtaking to bode ill for their future relationship.And this is what exactly happens later. Misunderstanding crops up between them in their attitudes towards Adela and leads to the break in their relationship.After Azizs release from the prison, Fielding asks Aziz to withdraw the savagely revengeful demands clamped on Adela and Aziz refuses and they part ways. When they are reunited at the end ,their ways of life have changed too radically Fielding supporting the Anglo Indians and Aziz ,Indian nationalism.Apart from these major schisms there are other minor separations and gaps in the novel . Men themselves are segregated from the rest of the creation. Young Mr. Sorley ,an advanced Christian Missionary ,accepts that God in his divine love brooks no separations and will extend his hospitality to the animals too, to the monkeys and jackals. But he is less sure about wasps and cannot at all have got into Divine Unity things like oranges, cactuses, crystals and mud.Or for that matter the bacteria inside Mr. Sorleys head We must exclude something from our gathering or we shall be left with nothing, he nervously insists. And yet the forced exclusion is inane because men, after all, are only a small part of Creation It matters so puny to the majority of living beings what the majority that calls itself human , desires or decides.

The Selfish Giant

The Selfish giant The giant was a selfish giant, says the story The selfish giant written by Oscar Wilde from Ireland, who precious to bring forth a special moral which has been a serious topic for umpteen centuries, and no less these days than ever before. He uses many characteristics of fairytales to create a conscious fairytale or so the problem that is to this day the reason why the world is the way it is. Therefore I am passing play to write an analysis of his work on what the moral is, and what messages that was sent through the fairytale, as well as looking at the means he apply to write the story.First of all there is a question of symbols. Oscar Wilde used many symbols which are things we associate with other themes or feelings to create an atmosphere in the fairytale all to push backher. A special example of this is the giant itself, because why didnt Oscar Wilde use a normal person? Or mayhap a affluent old man for that matter? Many have heard the expression swollen. When a person is swollen, he is egotistical and self centred. He doesnt care to the highest degree anyone else. Therefore, Oscar has pictured the giants inner feelings with the prohibiteder appearance.Other symbols are also present, like the great wall, which at first means exactly what it is supposed to, keeping good deal outside of the wall. That wall represents the giants heart. First the wall is sealed tight no one is coming in or out. The giant is at first satisfied with the arrangement, with no one to bother him, but after a long time he feels lonely, and the wall around his hear finds a crack. This is where the children sneak in, and melts the giants heart. abide of the examples of symbols there is the little boy who couldnt reach the branches of the tree.It is a test to give the giant the opportunity to do something nice, and he takes it. This little child is, as we get to know indirectly at the end, Jesus Christ. His hands bled, and the giant wished to avenge the littl e child. The child however dismisses the pledge, and says that it is the wounds of love, as Jesus died for all of human class according to the bible. The giant had then grown old and feeble, and were on the verge of his lifespan. Therefore he got the reward for his kindness to children, by being allowed into nirvana by Jesus himself.Oscar Wilde draws elements from other religions than Christianity as well, Buddhism for example, where he uses the Karma concept. What goes around, comes around, which means that if you are nice, you will be rewarded, and if you are bad you will be punished. That forwards me to my second point, about personification. When the giant was selfish, the powers of nature had a role of its own to play in the story. The different aspects of nature were given the ability to do humanlike feats, like talking, quiescence and dancing.Almost move at their own free will. For example when the giant was selfish, and closed up his garden. The winter and cold moved in to his life without leaving. The sexual union wind was dancing, and said that they should invite the hail. This is something the forces of nature wouldnt do outside human imagination, but it puts a picture of nature having a life of its own. The flowers wouldnt come out of the ground because it felt sad for the children. The trees as well, bent as low as they could for the little boy who was too tiny for the tree climbing.As if trees could act on their own free will. That makes nature a social occasion of the judge of who is good and who is bad in this world. Throughout the whole story, there is different settle which indirectly or even directly determine who is the bad guy and who is the good guy. Where Jesus is one of the judges, nature is one of the judges and the children are judges. The part about nature judging men originates from ancient Celtic folklore where people sacrificed to the spirits of nature which had a will of their own. Thirdly, there are the elements of fairy tales.In fairytales there are almost always supernatural creatures, and in this one is no exception. There are two in the selfish giant, the giant himself and the Cornish ogre. The ogre himself is a symbol, because in folklore, the ogre is a bad creature who eats children. Therefore there are hints that the giant might have been influenced by the ogre on his travels, becoming even worse than he was before as the wall was not built until he came back from his trip, and he didnt take care to have that idea before. Other elements from fairytales are the number seven.The number seven appear when the selfish giant had been out travelling for seven years. There is however not much more reference to other numbers that is worth mentioning. Another element that is widely spread within fairytales is the personification which has been explained at the introductory paragraph, where animals and inanimate objects get the abilities of a human. Last of all, there is the moral subject. Throughout the entire story you get the impression of what the moral is, and that is what goes around comes around. In the antecedent you can read that the giant was selfish, and that means that he cared only about himself. He did naught for others, and he did not get anything in return. He seemed core with this at first, but when he got lonely, and the winter wouldnt leg go we wished that he had done something good. When the children came, his heart melted and he wanted to help them. However, when he approached them, they ran away. That is a message that if you are a jerk, then everyone will think you are a jerk, no matter your intentions.However, when he helped the child, the other children understood they could trust him. He turned, and decided to play with them instead of chasing them away. In this he got rewarded more than once. Because he got both his summer and spring back, he got many friends to play with, and he ascended to heaven after he died. This underlines the moral that if yo u do good, then good will come to you. I conclude with an agreement with the moral, that good is reaped if you sow it, and that good is what is trump for mankind.I really liked the story because I agree with the moral of the story, and it is a well written story as well. Oscar Wilde has used great elements in his story that brings it to life, and makes it interesting to read. It is very touching as well, because it requires a lot to make me cry. There is a joyful sadness about it all that makes you timid if you are crying tears of joy, or of sadness. The part where he dies is kind of sad, because he dies. However, when it also confirms that he goes to a better place.

Climate Issues and their Effects on Architecture

Chapter 6DecisionArchitecture has to accommodate to the local clime, particularly the tropic clime has changeless rainfall and sunshine passim the old ages. In fact, the tropical clime has a comparatively comfy temperature. But the sunshine could be intense sometimes. In this context, the inactive shape should in line with the tropical clime to heighten the indoor thermic comfort in order to forestall the indoor temperature become higher than the out-of-door temperature.The design of the auditorium has to be sensitive to the climatic specialnesss and the site context in this context, it is able to supply passively comfy status for the residents. Climatic issues project to set in serious history in order to make the auditorium building envelope that are thermally comfy and bring forth the least impact on the environing environment.With the consequence and influence of Global Warming and the escalating monetary value of electrical efficacy, maintaining the indoor to be cool will turn as an of import issue in the hereafter. The largest energy consumer in the edifice, particularly the auditorium is the air-conditioning system. However, the air-conditioning system besides has the largest nest eggs possible sing to this issue.The 2nd largest energy consumer in the auditorium is the illuming system. When unreal lightings are runing, it consumes electricity and generates heat into the indoor infinite. Therefore, the energy ingestion is increased as there is a demand for more cooling burden.For an enclosed edifice like an auditorium, former(a) steps are resorted, like the energy-efficient electrical contraptions. For illustration, energy-saving lightings, high efficiency air-conditioners and last but non least, the sophisticated edifice services control system.However, before sing neither the electrical contraptions nor the chilling system, a inactive method should be the get beating point to supply an efficient edifice envelope. Assorted architectural solutions have been used in the tropical clime to chair the consequence of the intense Sun on the auditorium design. Orientation of the edifice, light colour wall pigment, proper shadow devices and the well-insulated edifice envelope.The design of the auditorium, which integrating the inactive methods should be adhered to before put ining the energy efficient mechanical and electrical edifice system. It is decidedly assisting to cut down energy ingestion in a right elan.Material like the polished aluminum sheet used as external facing is a fillip point as thermic separation in the tropical clime. It has high value of coefficient of reflection and aesthetically nice in looking. If the budget is allowable, insularity bed finish be put in the wall building and a plaster board on the internal wall surface as a dual insularity bed. Additionally, mineral wool and fiber board have a positive influence on the OTTV analysis. It has been found that utilizing insularity can heighten the internal com fort status by increasing the thermic opposition of the wall. Surprisingly, the dual wall system for the auditorium is non the best system in the tropical clime.If there is budget restraint, a simple brick wall building with 13mm thick plaster applied on both sides of the wall of the auditorium can run into a satisfactory degree. White coloring material is ever the best coloring material for the tropical clime.Besides, dual glazed clear glass with low-e is the best glazing which eccentric to tropical clime. Double glassy glass should be the pick of glazing type for the auditorium as it depends to the integral on the air-conditioning system. It is really of import to protect the window from get off solar heat addition.The gaps of the wall should take into serious consideration. Opening at East-West lifts must be avoided as it brings in direct heat and serious solar radiation. If the gaps are ineluctable for the East and West lift, shadowing devices should be attached to supply the proper shading consequence. By agencies of suited shadowing devices aid take up the comfort status in the auditorium. In this context, the horizontal shading devices suit for East and West lifts while the perpendicular shading devices are the better extract for North and South lifts.Proper pick of edifice stuffs can cut down the solar radiation penetrates to the internal infinite of the auditorium. It is really important for the auditorium in tropical clime. Materials with low thermic transmittal and low heat capacity are the most preferred to forestall the heat accumulate in the edifice envelope during daylight. The heat, which accumulated would radiate into the internal infinite of the auditorium in the dark when the air current velocity tends to be lower. Consequently, hot air temperature and high humidness caused hapless indoor air quality in the auditorium. When there is a map in the dark, it utilizes more energy in order to unclutter the cast-off(prenominal) air in the aud itorium.As the UBBL is amended to follow with OTTV computation at the design phase before the building, construct environment in Malaysia is now implicated about a more energy-efficient and sustainable edifice, in term of the building stuff, edifice design, energy efficient edifice services and contraptions and so on. Now the to the full active manner edifice like auditorium is deriving its attending to be a green edifice. There will be lesser and lesser energy wastage created by auditorium in the hereafter.The smart system like the Building Automation System ( BAS ) in the auditorium should be implemented good. It would be ineffectual if no 1 to supervise the uninterrupted public presentation of the edifice system. The BAS system needs regular monitoring and bettering the position quo. The Energy Management System ( EMS ) is now a tendency for energy efficient edifice. On the other manus, renewable energy is now a manner frontward in order to prolong the ecological environment. I t is particularly of import for the auditorium, which consumes higher energy than the other type of edifices.A sustainable auditorium is of import as it leads the betterment to the other to the full active manner edifices like the shopping complex and hotel. The probe and surveies done on the sustainability of the auditorium are for the endurance of thuman in the hereafter. The physique environment which helps planetary heating should be reduced.DIRECTIONS FOR afterlife STUDYIt is undeniable that the figure of surveies and publications on the relationship of clime to architecture, people and energy usage is really extended. Undoubtedly, a assortment of theoretical and proficient jobs should be solved before a existent ecological architecture can be created in the tropical states.In order to hold the decision of prox surveies even more useable, different auditorium should be tested to obtain more complete informations sets. Additionally, it is advisable to utilize questionnaires as parallel indispensable surveies to acquire the subjective comfort informations.Future surveies can include a more elaborate survey of the hair-raiser works room control, included more informations from the hair-raiser operation on the behavior of the rooms airing systems.In a nutshell, the probe of this survey was limited to merely one instance survey auditorium. Further surveies on assorted instances of auditorium in Malaysia are recommended to derive more accurate rating.

Adrenalin Rush

The world was getting too crowded and so, Zues, created a war and that was the Trojan war Farwell between ballyrag and Andromache Iliad book VI push around (went in the house looking for Andromache) Andromache.. (He looked everywhere still shes not there) Be so good to tell me where your mistress has g bingle. To one of my sisters or to Athenas temple where the wowork force are making supplication? Housekeeper No, sir, not to any of the family, nor to Athenas where the women are all gone to wrap uper their supplication. Housekeeper2 to tell the truth, sir.She has gone up on the walls, because she heard that our people were in danger and the confrontation was getting the best of it. She just gone off in a great zipper like one distracted, with the nurse carrying the boy. (Hector went back by same way a yen the streets till he reached Scaian gates. ) (Andromache saw him and run towards him. The nurse followed her carrying the child. ) Andromache My dearest, how can you do it? You r courage pass on be your death Have you no pity for your baby, or your unhappy wife, who lead soon be your widow Soon the enemies will rush upon you and kill youAnd I, if I lose you, it would be better for me to go down into my grave. There will be no comfort for me if you are killed, notwithstanding unaccompanied sorrow. (Hector put his arms on her shoulder) Hector I wont be killed promise. (Smiled) Andromache I have no father and no start now. My father was slain by Achilles he lay waste my home. Thebe, with its lofty towers he killed Eetion, my father. My s crimson brothers all went down to Hades in one twenty-four hours for that terrible Achilles killed them all amid their cattle and sheep. My scram, who was queen in that place, was brought away a prisoner. Cries) So you are my father and my mother, Hector you are my brother you are my engaging husband Then pity me and stay here behind the walls do not make your boy an orphan and your wife a widow unless post your men by the fig tree, where the wall may be scaled most. Hector I have not forgotten all that, my wife, but I could not show my face beforehand the men or the women of Troy if I sulked like a coward step up of the way. And I will not do it, for I have learned how to bear myself bravely in front of the troth and to win credit for my father and for myself.One thing I know indeed in my soreness and soul-a day shall pass off when scared Troy shall perish, and Priam and the people of Priam but my sorrow is not so much for what will happen to the people, or to my mother, or King Priam, or my brothers, when all those good and true men shall fall in the dust before the enemies-but for you, when armed men shall drive you away weeping and take from you the day of freedom. To think that you should stay in a foreign land, ply the loom at the orders of another mu lie inbrity that should carry water from strange fountains, crushed under stern necessity-a hateful taskThat just aboutone should s ee you shedding tears, and say there is Hectors wife, and he was the first and best brave Trojans when there was a war about Troy-and he will make your pain ever fresh, magic spell there is no such man to save you from the day of slavery. May I be dead and buried deep in the earth before I hear your cries and see you dragged away (Hector tries to held hands to his son, but the child was afraid of him for he was wearing his armour. ) (Hector took off his helmet, grabs his son and raised him) Hector o Zeus and all ye heavenly godsGrant this, my son, may be as notable among our people as I am, and let him be as strong, and let him rule Troy in his strength When he goes to war, let them say This man is much better than his father May he kill his enemy and bring home the bloodstained spoils and give joy to his mothers heart. (Hector kissed the forehead of his wife) *THE clashing * Achilles (shouting) Hector. Hector. Get out there allows fight (at the walls) Hector my love, farewell. D ont cry for I will be back bringing Achilles head to you. I should be acquittance nowAchilles What air brought you here all alone Are you out of your mind? Achilles How dare you kill my fri terminate Patroclos you must DIE AHHHHHHHHH (they fought fiercely until only one man remained standing. ) Achilles you people of Troy is no match to me (He tied a rope to Hectors body and trolled it around the grounds of their battle field. ) (at the tower in Troy) Priam How cruel are you How can you do that to my son (cries) Queen (holding the arm of his husband. Crying) oh.. my son. Priam (put his arms around the queen)Andromache Hector (Cried so hard) (Achilles brought Hectors body to their camp) *Ransom of Hectors body* (Priam went to Achilles tent) (Automedon and Alcimos had just finished eating) Priam Remember your own father, most noble Prince Achilles, an old man like me near the end of his days. It may be that he is distressed by those who lived around him, and there is no one to defend him from peril and death. But he indeed, so long as he hears that you still, is glad at heart and hopes every day that he will see his well-loved son return home from Troy.But I am all unhappy since I had the best sons in the broad land Troy and not one of them is left. All have fallen in the battle and the only one who by himself was our safeguard-the one you have killed. I come now to your camp to redeem him from you, and I bring a complete ransom. O Achilles, fear God and pity me, remembering your own father but I am more pitied. I have endured to do what no other man in the world has ever done-to kiss the hand of the man who slew my sons. Achilles ah Poor man indeed your heart has borne many sorrows How could you come to Achaian camp alone?How could you bear to look at the man who killed your noble sons, as I have done? Your heart must be make of steel. stick with now, sit down upon a seat. We will let our sorrows lie deep in our hearts a dapple, for there is no profit in fro st lamination. This is the way of the gods have spun their threads for poor mortals Our life is all sorrow, but they are untroubled themselves. Priam tell me not yet to be seated, gracious prince, while Hector lies here uncared for. I pray you set him free quickly, that I may look upon him and accept the ransom that we bring, a great treasure.May you live to enjoy it and return to your own country, since you have spared me first? Achilles i mean myself to set your Hector free. Zeus sent me a message by my mother, the girlfriend of the old man of the sea. And I understand quite well, sir that some god brought you into our camp. For no mere man would dare among us, let him be ever so young and strong. He could not escape the guards, and he could not easily lift the bolt of our doors. (Achilles returned the body of hector) Achilles your son, sir has been set free as you asked, and he lies on his bier.At break of day you shall see him yourself, on your journey, but now let us think of supper. Venerable prince, let us two also think of something to eat. After that, you may weep for your son again when you have brought him back to Troy. Many tears he will cost you (After eating, they look at each other admiring each one) (Priam brought Hectors body back to Troy. And Cassandra was the first one to see them coming) Cassandra (shouting) come, all you men and women of Troy You shall see Hector.Come if ever you were glad while he lived to welcome his return from battle, for he was a great gladness to the city and all the nation. (Hectors wife and his mother came running towards the wagon. ) Priam let the mules pass. When I have brought him into our house you will have plenty of time to lament. Andromache my husband, you perished out of life, still young, and left me a widow in the house (Cries) the boy is only a baby, your son and my son, doomed father, doomed mother And he think will never grow up to world long before, our city will be utterly laid waste.For you have perished, you our watchman, you our only savoir, who kept safe our wives and little children They will soon be carried off in ships, and I with them. And you, my child-you will go with me where degrading tasks will be found for you to do, driven by a merciless master or some enemy will catch you by the arm, and throw you over the wall of painful death, in revenge perhaps for some brother that Hector killed, or father, or son maybe, since many man bit the dust under the hands of Hector. You father was not gentle in the field of battleHector But for me most of all, cruel sorrow is my lot. For you did not stretch out to me your dying hands from your deathbed. You said no precious word to me, which I baron always remember night and day with tears Queen Hector, best beloved of all my children, dearest to my heart Living, the gods loved you well therefore, they have cared for you even when death is your lot. Other sons of mine Achilles took, and he would sell them over the barren sea, o ne to Samos, one to Imbros, or to steaming Lamnos but you-when he had torn out your soul ith his sharp blade, he dragged you again and again around the grave of his comrade you slew. But that did not bring him back from the grave And now you lie in my house fresh as the morning dew, like one that Apollo has visited and slain with his gentle shafts Helen Hector, best beloved of all my good brothers, and dearest to my heart Indeed my husband is Prince Alexandros, who brought me to Troy-but would that I had died first Twenty years have passed since I left my country and came here, but I never heard from you one unkind or slighting word.If anyone else reproached me, a sister or brother of yours, or a brothers wife, or your mother- for your father was always as kind as if he were mine-you would reprove them you would check them with your gentle spirit and gentle words. Therefore I weep for you and with you for my unhappy self. For there is no else in the length and bread of Troy who is k ind or friendly they shall shudder at me. Priam now, Trojans, fetch wood into the city, and have no fear of any expose of our enemies. For Achilles in parting from me promised that he would do us no harm until the twelfth day shall dawn. (Funeral service)

The Dimension of Inter-Professional Practice

IntroductionThis aim of this assignment is to analyse the unique agency and contribution of nurse practices within inter-professional jobs and consider how inter-professional practices influence the way we manage the people in our caution, using evidence based commentary. Mental illnesses are tangled conditions and therefore cannot be managed by one professional. Holistic treatment of mental wellness endurings requires a cohort of clinical professionals (Barker, 2008).For this assignment I chose Gibbs Reflective exemplar (1988) to enable my personal reflection and to improve my future nursing practice. In accordance with the NMC Code of Practice (2008) names ask been changed to comply with confidentiality regulations Grace depart be my clients name.Inter-Professional Team Working Pollard (2005), defined inter-professional running(a), as the process whereby extremitys of various professions and/or agencies work together to provide merged health and loving care. Leathard (2003) states inter-professional operative implies a group of professionals from different professions engaging in interdependent quislingisms with mutual respect to provide integrated health and social care for the clients benefit., Housley (2003) argues the multidisciplinary team is a group of people of different professions who meet regularly to discuss individual clients. Successful teamwork can have direct consequences for patient care and the inter-collaboration model of healthcare delivery is one of the most important modernisations of the healthcare system in recent years (Humphris and Hean, 2004). rough-and-ready team-working produces positive patient outcomes, while ineffectual team-working contributes to negative incidents in patient care (Grumbach and Bodenheimer, 2004).Client backgroundGrace, a 21 year old female, was officially admitted via community mental health nurse due to non-concordance of medication. Grace suffers severe mental illness and personality disord er with a high level of self-harming, short(p) personal hygiene and inability to perform activities of daily living ADLs. The Roper, Logan and Tierney model (Bellman 1996) states that 12 ADLs produce a picture of the persons life style and these can be used to highlight problems which require nursing intervention.Inter-disciplinary team working and my role in Graces careThe multidisciplinary reexamine confrontation for Graces care comprised a consultant psychiatrist, a psychologist who assessed Graces behaviours and gave counselling sessions social workers who assessed social wellbeing an occupational therapist who assessed ADL a dietician and the care-coordinator who was the key-worker involved in Graces care when she was in the community. The registered mental health nurse assigned to Grace was my mentor, and I was given the designate of shadowing my mentor to assess Graces mental state on the ward and monitor any physical changes. The inter-professional team at the review placed Grace on level 3 observation due to her self-harming.FeelingsI felt challenged and nervous almost shadowing and handling the nursing comprehend during the multidisciplinary team review. However, I realised this is a key role of the nursing professional in an inter-professional team, Davies & Priestly (2006) views nursing handover as vital information about clients under the care of nurses, allowing nurses to improve both the handover process and improve patient care delivery.I felt empathy for Grace, especially her anxiety over the (in her eyes) large yield of people (the care team) caring for and deciding her fate. She shared in her one-to-one sessions that she was nervous of not doing the right things in front of the team and I remember thinking we are both nervous for similar reasons,, as I was also nervous about what the team thought about me and my practice. I reassured Grace that we were here to help her, using my communication skills to listen and ally her fears. Ha milton et al. (2010) stated listening is an essential skill for a mental health nurse.I felt frustrated within the team, olfactory propertying that some members worked toward their own goals rather than collectively aiming to ensure the best holistic care for Grace, which made working within the team challenging. An example of this was the doctors decision to exclude Grace from participating in ward activities without assessment from the occupational therapist. This is at odds with the traditional nursing role, which seeks to include the patient both physically and psychologically. I felt that this decision was not in Graces best interest, and could follow her discharge.Evaluation In evaluating my empathy with Grace and her anxiety, I felt there was an understandable connection as we were both in new situations, while in addition practically empathy can exsert to difficulties in nursing (Mercer and Reynolds 2002), empathy is an important aspect in nursing. Whitehead (2000) sta tes that one angle of team work that is often neglected is the blood surrounded by client and nurse, which she argues is important to ensure positive care outcomes and therefore should not be disregarded within a collaborative framework.After lecture to my peers I found that we all felt some anxiety about working within a multi-disciplinary team. In evaluating my time as an inter-disciplinary team member and my anxiety, I realised this eased when roles were defined and responsibilities shared. Ovretveit et al. (1997) asserted that understanding and clarification of roles from the onset is necessary for good team-working and failure to define roles correctly can lead to confusion.My frustrations within the team were in part due to my anxiety of performing poorly in front of my mentor, and my inexperience of working within an interdisciplinary-team. I had short understanding of how the different roles and philosophies of other professionals would need to be compromised to ensure bo th safety of and good care for Grace and perhaps I placed too much importance on the nursing role without understanding what other professionals brought to the team.Analysis While my empathy can be a positive aspect to my nursing, on reflection, it may have clouded my judgement and my ability to follow the right course of action, given that Grace was known to self-harm. The decisions made by the doctor complied with topical anesthetic Trust Policy (2010) on self-harming. Furthermore, NICE guidelines (2004) states that staff develop preventative strategies to ensure patient safety in cases of self-harming, by reducing opportunities to self-harm. The inter-disciplinary team persistent Grace should not be allowed to participate in ward activities due to risk of self-harm.Through analysis of the team-work shown within this case, I believe that the team showed legal communication, as each professional had a good knowledge of the role they were expected to play in supporting Graces car e and in effect(p) communication is vital in team-working (Ovretveit et al. 1997). My frustrations within the team can be explained by Whitehead (2001) who identified that collaboration work, while beneficial, did have a florilegium of barriers that could hinder development of close collaborative relationships within the different service providers professions, one being that the different professions may have different ideas on patient treatments that are at odds with other professionals within the multi-disciplinary team.While at first I did not understand the challenges that inter-professional working brings and thusly did not feel that every member had Graces care foremost, after analysing my time within the team, I feel that every member was encouraging of each others efforts to facilitate Graces recovery. Many opportunities were available to discuss concerns over the care-plan such(prenominal) as debriefing, one to one interactions, and supervision, highlighted by Freeth ( 2007) as vital to ensure good inter-professional development. Barriers to good inter-professional collaborations include poor communication, lack of understanding of other team members roles, work priorities and professional hierarchy (Whitehead, 2000), where such issues are apparent, it can be helpful to identify shared goals and voice concerns. Inter-professionals should use clinical judgment that encompasses the best of all team members professions in care provision to improve client wellbeing, aid them to cope with health problems and achieve the best quality of life with their illness (RCN 2003 DoH, 2008). ConclusionIn retrospect, I feel the strength of the team was its ability to develop and manage excellent patient-focussed care, resulting from the variety of disciplines, personalities and expertises. I have gained an in-depth insight into the roles and responsibilities nurses have in the development of client-centred care and a better understanding for the other team members professions, which I feel now that I was lacking. This meditative process has helped me gain an understanding of the importance of inter-professional team collaboration in managing clients with self-harm issues using positive practice guidance as stated in the NHS guidelines.Action planThis experience has taught me that inter-professional practices involve effective communication between team members and respect for other professionals knowledge of client needs. I will seek to gain greater understanding of other clinical roles and what they represent and bring to the inter-disciplinary team. I will undertake personal development and learning by keeping up-to-date with changes in practice, embracing and promoting interpersonal working.This reflective commentary has enhanced my knowledge of inter-professional working, the challenges involved and the importance of communication and compromise, which will contribute to my personal development as a mental health nurse. In respect to my patient centred empathy, I believe this is an important trait in nursing however, in the future I will temper my empathy with professionalism that focuses on patient safety first.I plan to improve my knowledge and expertise of the roles of other professionals. I will begin by focussing on the respect and quantify I have of other professionals expertise. With respect to my lack of confidence, I shall endeavour to develop confidence in sharing my knowledge in group forums. The fix amplified the importance of identifying and understanding patients needs and sharing this understanding with the inter-professional team members in order to facilitate effective healthcare interventions.ReferencesBarker. P., (2009). Psychiatric and Mental Health breast feeding The Craft of Caring. 2nd ed. London. Hodder Arnold.Bellman, LM. (1996) Changing nursing practice through reflection on the Roper, Logan and Tierney model the enhancement approach to action research. Journal of Advanced care for, 2 4(1) 129138.Davies S., Priestley MJ., (2006). A reflective evaluation of patient handover practices. Nurs Stand. 20(21)49-52.Day, J., (2006). Interprofessional working an essential guide for health and social care professionals. Cheltenham Nelson Thornes.Freeth, D., (2007). International learning Association for the Study of Medical didactics Edinburgh.Gibbs, G., (1998). Learning by Doing A Guide to Teaching and Learning Methods. Oxford Further Education Unit, Oxford Brookes University.Grumbach K, Bodenheimer T. (2004) Can health care teams improve primary care practiceJAMA. deprave 10291(10)1246-51.Hamilton S., (2010). Rethink, Research and Innovation Teams Report for Nursing and Midwifery Council on nursing skills for working with people with a mental health diagnosis, LondonHousley, W., (2003). interaction in Multidisciplinary Teams. Ashgate Publishing Limited England.Humphris D, Hean S. (2004) Educating the future workforce building the evidence about interprofessional learni ng. J Health Serv Res Policy. Jan9 Suppl 124-7.Kozier, B., Erb G., Berman A., Snyder S., Lake R., Harvey S. (2008). Fundamentals of nursing concept, process and practice. Harlow Pearson Education Limited.Leathard, A., (2003). Inter-professional Collaboration from policy to practice in health and social care. Philadelphia Brunner Routledge.local anesthetic Trust Policy (2010b). Assessment and Management of Service Users Who Self-Harm Policy, Local TrustMercer, SW and Reynolds, WJ (2002) Empathy and quality of care. Br J Gen Pract. 52(Suppl) S912.NHS Choice (2011)NICE (2004), Self-Harm, Clinical Guidelines 16, cited fromhttp//www.nice.org.uk/nicemedia/pdf/CG16FullGuideline.pdf (Accessed 11/11 2012)NMC (2008), Code of Conduct, Nursing and Midwifery Council, LondonOvretveit, J., Mathias, F., Thomoson, T. eds., (1997). Interprofessional working for health and social care. Hampshire Macmillan Press Limited.Pollard, K., (2005). Interprofessional Working an Essential Guide for Health and loving-Care Professionals England, Nelson Thrones Limited.Roper, Logan and Tierney (1996),Whithead (2000) Education, behavioural change and social psychology Nursings contribution to health promotion. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 34(6), 822-832Whitehead D, (2001) Applying collaborative practice to health promotion. Nursing Standards. 15(20)33-7.BibliographyGeneral Social Care Council, (2006). Code of Practice For Social Workers and Employers. London GSCC.Golightley, M., (2008). Social Work and Mental Health People. Learning Matters.Barker. P., (2009). Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing The Craft of Caring. 2nd ed. London. Hodder Arnold.Taylor. C., Lillis. C., Lemone. P., (2001). Fundamentals of Nursing The art and Science of Nursing Care, 4th edn, Lippincott, Philadelphia.Thompson I., Melia K., & Boyd K., (2000). Nursing Ethics, London, Churchill Livingstone

Research on the Change of Minimum Wage in Ontario

ABSTRACT The economic consumption of this research paper is to hit the books the nominal enlist in Ontario based on the current minimal rent is $10. 25 in Ontario. The borderline employ mainly happens to the unemployed women and the young. The research on the stripped earnings brush aside permit passel to contribute to the watchword about the ongoing marginal pursue policies in Ontario and the relevant impacts of raising the tokenish wage in this responsibility. This research paper leave alone be divided into three separates. Firstly, this research paper will represent the introduction to the writing signifi tail assemblyce.Secondly, this paper will hit the books the change of minimum wage in Ontario, which also be divided into third sub-parts. In the first place, this paper will close in the theoretical framework. In the second place, this paper will introduce the general situation on the change of minimum wage in Ontario. Next, this paper will analyze the imp ortance of minimum wage in the labor markets. And a conclusion will be make in the end. Research on the stripped-down engross in Ontario 1. IntroductionThe minimum wage is generally considered as a controversial policy alikel1. The minimum wage is one of potentially useful tool for redistribution of accessible wealth because it can accession the wages of low skilled workers2. However, other factors of production may perplex the expense for the attach of low skilled workers wage, such as the wages of higher skilled workers and capital. Therefore, it is inborn to analyze how the minimum wage becomes $10. 25 today and the impacts of the change of it.The purpose of this research paper is to analyze the minimum wage in Ontario, which can provide a chance for people to contribute to the discussion about the ongoing minimum wage policies in Ontario and the relevant impacts of raising the minimum wage in this province. Meanwhile, the change of minimum wage in Ontario can be influe nced by well-nigh factors. 2. The Analyses of the channelize of nominal lucre in Ontario In labor economics, the minimum wage is often analyzed in a competitive labor market model and a model in which the employers are granted with whatsoever degree of monopsony power. 1. The Theoretical Framework on Minimum WageThe competitive labor market model involves the engage side and supply side. The postulate side refers to the demand of labors of all the firms in the market. The supply side can illustrate that firms in the market excite to pay higher wages to attract and retain workers. In the graph of competitive labor market model, there are the market supply curve and the demand curve, and these two curves have a cross point, which can be considered as the equilibrium wage rate. When a minimum wage is introduced in a competitive labor market, the step-down of employment will blaspheme on the steepness of the labor demand curve.Meanwhile, the decrease in employment will lead to the extend in the wage rate in the competitive labor market3. 2. The General Situation on the Change of Minimum Wage in Ontario In 1991, the then current level of minimum wage in Ontario was $5. 40 per hour4 and the relevant authorities and governments in Ontario proposed that the minimum wage in Ontario should be raised to a level of 60 percent of the average Ontario wage by 1995, which made Ontario become the province with the highest minimum wage level in Canada5.However, during the period from 1995 to 2002, imputable to conservatives in office in Ontario, the minimum wage did not increase6. Theoretically, all the people in Ontario may suffer minimum wage. However, in practice, most of people suffering minimum wage are low skilled individuals holding low-paying jobs7, including students, liquor servers, homeworkers, etc. Whats worse, in Ontario, the minimum wages of students liquor servers and homeworkers are less than general minimum wage. For example, the minimum wage of liqu or servers is about $1. 00 per hour less than general minimum wage.Over the past two decade years, some significant changes of minimum wage have happened to Ontario. Firstly, the liberal government raised the minimum wage from $6. 85 per hour in 2003 to $8. 00 per hour in 2007. Meanwhile, the Ontario Employment Standards Acts became effective in March, 2010, which regulates that the general minimum wage in Ontario is $ 10. 25 per hour. Nominally, the minimum wage increased by 50% from 1995 to 2010, but due to the increase of the value level and appreciation of dollar, the veritable value of the minimum wage just raised by 10% during this period. According toReid, the nominal minimum wage between 2007 and 2010 increased 28% from $8. 00 to $10. 25, however, due to the increase of price level, the real minimum wage increased by 23% during this period. As a result, from the above analysis, it is reasonable to gain the conclusion that the nominal minimum wage in Ontario increased to l arger extent, however, the real increase of minimum wage in Ontario was not significant. 3. The Impacts of the Change of Minimum Wage in Ontario This part will analyze the employment effects and the distributional effects of the change of the minimum wage in Ontario analyzed in the prior part.There are some discussions on the employment effects of minimum wage. about people hold the opinions that minimum wage has a negative impact on employment, but other people think that there is little impact on employment impact. According to this paper, there is so a negative impact of the increase of minimum wage on the employment. Canadian evidence can prove that a 10% increase in the minimum wage probably lead to the reduction of the employment of students by 3%-6%8. On the contrary, the effects on the young adults are slight.Since the Ontario is the province with the highest minimum wage in Canada, the adverse employment effects have been exacerbated. Whats worse, the unemployment rate ha s risen due to the increase of minimum wage in Ontario9. Moreover, the relationship between minimum wages and poverty is too vague. For example, the people suffering minimum wage are always very poor and due to the minimum wage, the wealthy gap between the poor and the mysterious become larger and larger. However, due to the increase of minimum wage, some of social wealth has been transformed to the poor to realize the redistribution of social wealth10. . Comparability to other province Minimum wages are diverse among different province in Canada. British Columbias minimum wage is $10. 25 that is the same as Ontarios and Alberta is $9. 75 that is lower than Ontarios11. The unemployment rate of Ontatio is 7. 8 , British Columbias is 6. 7 and Albertas is 4. 6. 12 This evidence might lead to that lower minimum wage plays a role in the low unemployment rate in Alberta. But since the minimum wage in Ontario is the same as British Columbias, the unemployment is different though. The effe ct of minimum wage on uneployment is ambuglous. . Conclusion In conclusion, lower-skilled people in Ontario, including the students, homeworkers and liquor servers, are suffering minimum wage and even, their minimum wage level is less than general minimum wage level. Since 1990s, there have been some regular and significant nominal changes happening to minimum wage in Ontario. However, in fact, due to the increase of price level and appreciation of dollar, the increase of minimum wage in Ontario is not significant. Meanwhile, the changes of minimum wage have some effects on employment and redistribution of social wealth.Although the increase of minimum wage in Ontario may increase unemployment rate, it can realize the redistribution of social wealth to narrow the wealthy gap between the rich and the poor. Bibliography Cousineau Jean-Michel, Tessier David and Vaillancourt. 1992. The Impact of the Ontarian Minimum Wage on the Unemployment of Women and The Young in Ontario. industrial relations 47(3), 559-566. Gunderson, Morley. 2007, Minimum wages Issues And Options for Ontario. Ontario Ontario Ministry of Finance. cited on Feb. 28th, 2013. Available from World Wide Web http//keqianxu. okee. com/1306641. html. Lee David, and Saez Emmanuel. 2008. optimal Minimum Wage form _or_ system of government in Competitive dig Markets. NBER Working Series of National role of Economic Research. No. 14320. Reid Frank. 2012. Monopsony in the Labour Market and Minimum Wages. Department of Economics and Centre for Industrial Relations& Human Resources. Shannon Michael, and bound Charles. 1995. Distributional Employment Effects of Ontario Minimum-Wage Proposals A Microdata Approach. Canadian Public Policy 21 (3), 284-303. Susan Munroe. 2013. Minimum Wage inCanada.Available from About. com Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey. 2013. Annual Average Unemployment Rate Canada and Province. Available from Government of Newfoundland and Labrador website . 1 Lee David, and Saez Emmanuel. 2008. Optimal Minimum Wage Policy in Competitive Labor Markets. NBER Working Series of National Bureau of Economic Research. No. 14320 2 Lee David, and Saez Emmanuel. 2008. Optimal Minimum Wage Policy in Competitive Labor Markets. NBER Working Series of National Bureau of Economic Research. No. 14320. 3 Reid Frank. 2012.Monopsony in the Labour Market and Minimum Wages. Department of Economics and Centre for Industrial Relations& Human Resources. 4 Cousineau Jean-Michel, Tessier David and Vaillancourt. 1992. The Impact of the Ontarian Minimum Wage on the Unemployment of Women and The Young in Ontario. Industrial Relations 47(3), 559-566. 5 Shannon Michael, and Beach Charles. 1995. Distributional Employment Effects of Ontario Minimum-Wage Proposals A Microdata Approach. Canadian Public Policy 21 (3), 284-303. 6 Reid Frank. 2012. Monopsony in the Labour Market and Minimum Wages.Department of Economics and Centre for Industrial Relations& Human Resources. 7 Cousineau Jean-Mic hel, Tessier David and Vaillancourt. 1992. The Impact of the Ontarian Minimum Wage on the Unemployment of Women and The Young in Ontario. Industrial Relations 47(3), 559-566. 8 Gunderson, Morley. 2007, Minimum Wages Issues And Options for Ontario. Ontario Ontario Ministry of Finance. cited on Feb. 28th, 2013. Available from World Wide Web http//keqianxu. bokee. com/1306641. html. 9 Gunderson, Morley. 2007, Minimum Wages Issues And Options for Ontario.Ontario Ontario Ministry of Finance. cited on Feb. 28th, 2013. Available from World Wide Web http//keqianxu. bokee. com/1306641. html. 10 Lee David, and Saez Emmanuel. 2008. Optimal Minimum Wage Policy in Competitive Labor Markets. NBER Working Series of National Bureau of Economic Research. No. 14320. 11Susan Munroe. 2013. Minimum Wage in Canada. Available from About. com 12 Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey. 2013. Annual Average Unemployment Rate Canada and Province. Available from Government of Newfoundland and Labrador website .

“Lord of the Flies” Essay Introduction Essay

William Goldings Lord of the Flies repeatedly contrasts with the moral philosophy-driven views of the controversial philosopher Frederick Nietzsche. Goldings allegorical fable tells the story of a group of young boys who remain stranded on an island and left to their own instincts. Golding and Nietzsche would hu compositionkindage the issues the boys face are based on the devotion and constitution of man. Ralph, the protagonist, is delegated power by the opposite boys, charm scallywag, the antagonist, quickly becomes jealous of Ralphs power.In Lord of the Flies, the conch, the m take ons, and the lord of the flies represent civilization, immunity and atrocious respectively. Golding supports a Judeo-Christian order, in which ordination designs morality and evil inspires aid Nietzsche in contrast get bys that man should accompany personal morals and that evil will grow out of an ongoing struggle for power. Nietzsche would destine to the contrast between the tribes of R alph and diddly-shit to support his belief that yes-saying should prevail over no-saying that is, personal ideals should take originator over societal ideals. Goldings interpretation of the conch, the masks and the lord of the flies contrasts with Nietzsches ideas of morality and the nature of man and of corporation.Upon arriving on the island, Ralph discovers a conch that the boys economic consumption to call and control their assemblies. Golding uses the conch to represent the society and government which the boys construct. At the starting signal of the book, the shell symbolizes their civility and order because they seem to follow and respect its powers. Where the conch is, thats a meetingWeve got to bind rules and obey them. After all were not savages (Golding 42). Unknown to the indorser at the time, this quote is kind of ironic as the boys will later lose control and become savages competing for food and survival. Golding believes that civilization provides organize for man just as the conch provides order for the boys. Without civilization, man would turn to his instincts, naturally leaving him fearful in the absence of the morality and standards which shake guided him through flavor.From fear, Golding argues, evil deeds are committed. Golding as well believes that morality is a social construct and that without society morals cease to exist. These thoughts are seen in Lord of the Flies. When Ralph and Jack split up, separating their society and introducing Jacks group to savagery, morality and order rupture and slowly glisten apart. Jack and his savages become fixed on the pipelinethirsty murder of pigs, constantly chanting, Kill the beast slim down his throat Spill his blood (G 152), demonstrating they lack sanity and morality, while Ralph and the others that remain stay moral and worked.with smashing energy and cheerfulnessHowever, for Ralphs tribe, as time crept by there was a suggestion of consternation in the energy and hysteria in the cheerfulness (G130). Although Ralphs tribe tries to remain true to the conch, a sense of fear lingers as the need for survival increases. In a final meeting of the devil tribes toward the end of the book, its clearly evident that society breaks down as Ralph and Jack end up in a brawl after the conch breaks. Viciously, with full intention, he hurled the spear at Ralph. The point tore the skin and flesh over Ralphs ribs.Ralph stumbled, feeling not pain, but panic (G 181). Once the conch broke, so did all morality and order. Consequently, the boys fight to the death. Goldings views on civilization that morality evolves from community manifest itself in the boys use of conch in his book, Lord of the Flies.Nietzsche, directly contrasting Golding, believes that morality should be determined by individuals alternatively of society. Every select man strives instinctively for a citadel and a privacywhere he may forget men who are the rule (WP 26). Nietzsche defends that that soci ety forms a sense of morality, but he dis correspondings this because he believes that one shouldnt follow a herd brainpower. Instead, he advocates knackting and pursuance ones own morals. Nonetheless, he understands that this is tough, and most of society will follow the established aristocratic values. Nietzsche believes that, in this context, beingness a yes-sayer means following your own morals and not those set by society.He also believes that all actions in society should result from the individual will to obtain power. This conflict between society and personal freedom plays out through Roger, one of Jacks partners, who early on threw rocks for summercater avoiding a space round Henry, perhaps six yards in diameter that signified, the taboo of the old life (G 62). Roger avoided Henry out of respect for the societal standards that he followed. But as the book progresses, Rogers animalistic ways take over and with a sense of delirious abandonment (G 180) he murders Piggy, one of the other boys. Therefore, Nietzsche would ap set up of Roger, whose actions become based upon a will to power, as opposed to Golding who would argue that Roger acts out of fear.In several scenes in the middle of the book, the boys don masks to cover their dirty faces, pull up stakesing themselves freedom from a herd mentality which Nietzsche would approve of this. When the boys put on the masks, they lose their individual identities. In essence, they free themselves from the weight of morality, and this allows them to commit other unthinkable acts. The mask was a thing of its own, behind which Jack hid, liberated from shame and self-consciousness (G 64). Nietzsche would like that the masks allow the boys to follow their own ideas and create their own artistic path, something he strongly supports and says can be achieved through long practice and daily work at it (WP 290). The masks take away the boys individual identity, allowing them to decline civilizations morals while avoiding shame. However, while Nietzsche would approve of their freedom, he would disapprove of the need to gull the masks. In his view, the boys need to embrace their true selves to be free rather than hiding behind the masks. Nietzsche believes that the boys should be yes-saying because they should be strong enough act freely according to their own instincts, without guilt or shame.Golding believes that the use of the masks allows them to hide their shame and also enables them to become savages. Golding thinks that the boys are afraid of showing their shame so they dampen it by wearing the masks to avoid the ostracism from society. The masks give the boys freedom, but Golding thinks this is dangerous because too much freedom gives way to instincts which ultimately lead to savagery. While wearing the masks the boys are not much better than uncaged beasts (Gen. 22. 13). Golding describes Jack, His mesomorphic body held up a mask that drew their eyesHe began to dance and his laug hter became blood thirsty snarling (G 64).Golding attempts to show how the masks affect the boys as they lose touch with themselves. Golding would argue that the boys abandon the need to follow the rules when they wear the masks. Without the masks the boys compulsively feel the need to follow rules. The hierarchy of society keeps man accountable for his actions, as Jack let the fire run out Ralph angrily says to him, There was a shipyou could have had everyone when the shelters were finished. But you had to huntthere was the brilliant world of hunting, tactics, fierce exhilaration, skill and there was the world of lust and baffled commonsense Jack was powerless and raged without knowing why (G 71-72). Ralphs leadership over Jack and the others is evident here as angrily resets order, and the others quickly accept. Without their masks, Golding would argue that the boys freedom is limited by society something that he believes is just.The sows head, dubbed lord of the flies, symbolize s the evil that the boys commit on the island. The head hung there, a little blood dribbling down the stickthe Lord of the Flies hung on his stick and grinned (G 138). Golding tries to prove to the reader that evil exists in all of us. In the mind of Simon, the head comes alive and says to him, Im part of youIm the reason why its no goyou know perfectly well youll only meet me down there too (G 143). This meeting between the lord of the flies and Simon shows the reader the pigs evilness as he admits Im part of you and it also underscores Goldings point he believes that evil is unavoidable throughout the book, every character commits acts of evil.Simon is the one exception, whose calm nature can be described as un-human, or god-like, and more mature than the other boys, his eyes undefined with the infinite cynicism of adult life (G 137) proving his overbearing adult-like superiority. Many people argue that Simon is a direct gibe to Jesus, as the scene when he talks to the pig is s imilar to Jesus conversation with the devil. Simon is also utilize as a foil to all the other boys on the island to show their lack of humility and maturity. The boys transport the pigs head on the stick to ward off their fears, ultimately creating worry and fear of survival. The pig embodies the evil acts committed by the boys out fear.Nietzsche counters these ideas with his belief that fear is weak and that yes-saying morality is place to avoiding evil. Nietzsche would agree and disagree with Golding on many points regarding fear and evil. First, he would argue that man shouldnt allow fear to control ones actions. Rather, men should become yes-sayers and avoid the fear that makes them weak. Man should be strong enough to take control of his life instead of letting fear control him. Nietzsche would agree with Golding that Simon represents a god-like being that isnt affected by evil because he believes that someone needs to set standards, but one can follow his own path similar. Nietzsche alludes to this point by saying, just ask yourself who is actually evil in the sense of morality of ressentiment (Gen. 22.3), speaking of his dislike of the negatively driven morality that is created by many societies.Goldings novel Lord of the Flies uses powerful symbols to represent the key ethnic characteristics of civilization, morality, freedom and evil. Golding uses the conch, the masks and the lord of flies to convey his Judeo-Christian beliefs, which stand in contrast to Frederick Nietzsches morality-driven views. Nietzsche would argue that one who is strong is someone that can follow their own artistic path instead of following societys path, yes versus no saying. Golding represents these ideas through the conch which the boys use to govern their community and with the decay of the conch came the decay of order. The masks are used for the boys to hide their shame and commit barbarous acts, Golding would argue, while the lord of the flies is used to realise the e vil that the boys commit on the island. Lord of the Flies is a powerful depiction of the best and cudgel of human nature that can exposed at all times.

Introduction to the microbial world history of microbiology Essay

Part A.This letter is in response to your story which was create in your website and broadcasted in your stations regarding Edward Jenner as the most prolific microbiologist that ever lived and have contributed some(prenominal) to the avail of microbiology and prevalent health. I would like to make a point that several another(prenominal) scientists have contributed some(prenominal) to that of the works of Jenner on eradicating small pox virus by vaccination. He may have started the put on of vaccines which led to its eradication years later however, it should not be mistaken to be the most epochal microbiological contribution.Take an example the work of Joseph Lister on 1867 regarding antiseptics (Prescott et al., 2005). Like any other scientist during his time, works on antisepsis was not an overnight job he worked c befully and tested his theories over and over again, until such time that he perfected it (Roediger, 1990). By thoughtfully thinking of what may cause pus f ormation in surgical wounds, he experimented with rags and phenol and used it as wound dressings. Sure enough, his patients did not come gangrene after being dressed with carbolic acid or phenol treated rags. Later on, he improved on excluding bacteria from his operating suite by incorporation of clean environment as a prerequisite in aseptic surgery (Lister, 1909).See more how to write an academic knowledgeablenessIn modern days, Listers work on antiseptic surgery had decreased much of the deaths caused by hospital-acquired infections brought about by practicing of good science (Pasteur and Lister, 1996). By applying his notion of the germ theory via his procession of environmental cleanliness and sanitation, he inculcated the modern medical practitioners with standards of disease cake that ultimately lead to reduction of major infections like tuberculosis (Osborn, 1986).Most notably, in his honor, Listerine was named after him. In recognition of his efforts, the British Medic al ledger recently stated that he saved more lives by the introduction of this system than all the wars of the nineteenth century together had sacrificed (Nester et al., 2007). To conclude that Lister was more prolific than Jenner, the Jenner Institute of Preventive Medicine in Britain was changed to its current name, the Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine (The Lister Institute).Another notable scientist is in the section of Dr. John carbon. John Snow, in 1849 published his works entitled, On the mode of communication of cholera. In his research, Snow began to hypothesize that cholera was indeed transmitted by a common source, and sure enough he pin pointed it to a contaminated water pump in Broad Street (Thrusfield, 22007). Though exceedingly criticized and much of his researches were dismissed, he neer did falter in seeking out the truth.Despite of these obstacles, he never faltered to show the good qualities of an epidemiologist good take down keeper, determined, dedic ated and highly skilled (Stanwell-Smith, 2002). A good record keeper, he was a very keen observer and he never did forgot to take into accounts this minute expatiate that allowed him to solve the mystery of the cholera epidemic in London. Moreover, determined and dedicated to his work even though criticisms were all around him and yet a highly skilled scientist never did show attitudes that will check him from succeeding (Prescott et al., 2005). His works have led people to dub him as the father of epidemiology.Sure enough, epidemiology and public health cannot have gone a million step without the initiative of the medical doctor who was erstwhile criticized for hypothesizing something at that time which cannot be proven until later years where, the bacteria responsible for the disease was isolated. It may be another story of another scientist, but without Snow, nothing not even the prevention and ending of the occurrence of diseases can progress (Stanwell-Smith, 2002).Sure enou gh, Jenner may have helped in improving disease prevention by first creating the vaccine and subsequent studies leading to its development, it cannot be disclosed that Lister and Snow, did more achievements in the field of microbiology and public health per se. It may be fitting to say that Jenner may be a great microbiologist, it is only proper to also uphold and acknowledge other note taking efforts of these other microbiologists.Part B.In the summer of 1999, the first clement case of West Nile Encephalitis in the western sandwich hemisphere was documented. By the end 0f 2002, the WNV epidemic have resulted to at least a total 4,156 human cases (with 2,943 meningoencephalitis case and 284 deaths), 16,741 dead birds, 6,604 infected mosquitoes and 14,571 equine cases. This epidemic was the largest recognized arboviral meningoencephalitis epidemic in the Western Hemisphere (CDC, 2003).The VirusWestern equine encephalitis is a member of the Genus Flavivirus under the Family Flaviviri dae (Tortora et al., 2007). The virions are spherical and around 50 nm in diameter. It is widely distributed throughout the Americas, especially after the assault of the epidemics in 2002. It is of importtained in an endemic cycle involving domestic and passerine birds and Culex sp. serving as the vector host (Murphy et al., 1999 ). WNV infection in humans produces either asymptomatic infection or mode range febrile disease, sometimes accompanied by rash, which should be differentiated from dengue hemorrhagic fever. The human case-fatality rate in the U.S. hasbeen 7% overall with 10% of patients having neuroinvasive WNV disease (CDC, 2003).The OutbreakAlthough unknown how or when WNV was introduced into North America, worldwide travel of infected people, importation of infected birds or mosquitoes or migration of infected birds are all possibilities and cannot be ruled out. Overwintering mosquitoes during the winter of 1999 to 2000 have been the mode wherein the virus has propag ated throughout New York. It has then undergone several cycles of overwintering and by the end of 2002 has affected 44 states, including the District of Columbia. It has now been proven that the mosquito carry the virus and have travelled initially from New York to nearby states infecting other animals, most notably humans. (CDC, 2003).Control and PreventionPrevention and contain of WNV encephalitis was accomplished effectively through a series of comprehensive efforts and programs including integrated pest management. It should be taken into consideration that the priority prevention for this type of disease is destruction of mosquito habitats which serve as the main vector. Likewise, sanitation and water management greatly reduced the total number of cases from that of 2002 to a tolerable one. (CDC, 2003)

Motorcycle and Honda

TUTORIAL PREPARATION multinational MARKETING (MKT 343) 1. How can companies learn from Hondas investment in the Indian market? Honda had showed a vast way to invest in the Indian market as in they get to generate a new model in vehicle aspect. During that time, Honda arrived at the right time because the outlandish is under start vehicle-penetration rate and the country expects vehicle productionion will increase by 9% annually to 2011. in the lead Honda starts its business over the country, they choose Hero as their business partner because Honda realised the potential by finding synergies between the two steadfastlys which is Honda and Hero.Both combine as a partnership and invented a motorcycle. Other than that, Honda go for the experience and market knowledge to understand the country needs and produce according to their demand because exchange motorcycle in India is extremely profitable business. After succeed two-wheeler motor vehicle manufacturer in the world, Honda continue to take opportunity to establish another Honda giant, Honda Siel Cars India Ltd (HSCL). Then they enrich Indian users lifestyle by forming Honda R&D (India) (HRID) Pty Ltd. Thus, Honda had adapted the countrys lifestyle which helps them to achieve the demand of people in India. . Honda and Hero what made them such a broad partnership? Honda had chosen Hero which creates a great partnership between them. Hero was built in the network of independent rack dealers which had already open up one of Indias leading bicycle brands meanwhile Honda had been waiting for years to sell motorcycles I India because the countrys motorcycle business is extremely profitable. Then Honda realised the potential between this two firm where they had shared a similar operating disciplines and the potential of converting Heros macroscopic network of bicycle dealers to motorcycle dealers.Hero Honda successful show as the largest two-wheeler motor vehicle manufacturer in the world and in India it s annual sales volume is over three million motorcycles. 3. Imagine yourself as CEO of Honda in the Asia Pacific region. Would you choose India or chinaware to establish a new manufacturing plant for producing elevator cars and two-wheelers? I would choose India to establish a new manufacturing plant for producing cars and two-wheelers. The reason I choose India is because of few factors.First, the production live in India is low compare to production cost in China because India is not a large country and less manufacturer around but China got higher potential to increase their production. Next, on that point is less competitors in India during the year 1980s due to the reason where many had failed before to enter a new market in that country. The reason why I dont choose China is because the citizens in China are united. They would rather support local product more than foreign product because the government wanted to protect their countrys domestic.In the 1980s, foreign automa kers were allow to form joint ventures in China but the foreign ownership limited to 50% only meanwhile another 50% must own by Chinese. Other than that, China government wanted to develop a car industry quickly thus they learn from the foreign companies how to make cars while maintaining control of the car industry. In this point, it shows clearly that China wants most of the ownership by themselves and foreigner instead of earning more profit their techniques chip in to be taught to others which will cause their own production to decrease after years.

Collective Security Essay

joint hostage has been both supported and criticised as a method of preventing the outbreak of war. Its an idea that has been around for centuries exclusively it wasnt until post World War I when it was truly utilized. Throughout my paper I willing discuss in further detail what is meant by incarnate warranter and how the theory of incorporated surety measure has been implemented. I will discuss the review articles of incorporated security and what conditions facilitate it succeed. I will go into surplus detail upon the prospects of incarnate security with modern contests such as terrorism, civil wars, and secessionist revolts.What is incorporated security?Collective security originated from songer President of the United States of America Woodrow Wilson (Krause, 2004), and is defined as a security administration agreed to by the great power that set rules for keeping peace, guided by the principle that an coiffure of aggression by both sound out will be met b y a collective result from the rest (Kegley, 2010). In other words, a security system is created in which each state indoors the system develops a security agreement to collectively respond to attacks or threats to their peace.The theory of collective security is intended to protect the security and preserve peace through an system of sovereign states by launching an agreement that will prohibit them from attacking one another. When joining the alliance, states agree to, and must elevator in defence if one of their portion states is attacked. With this theory, it is believed that it will serve better to father a bilateral agreement rather than a large, confusing set of bilateral treaties. According to Inis Claude (1956)The twentieth-century hope that trans solid groundal geological formations ability serve to prevent war, or, failing that, to defend states subjected to armed attack in defiance of organized efforts to maintain the peace, has been epitomized in the concept of collective security. . . .Collective security can be described as resting upon the proposition that war can be prevented by the deterrent effect of overwhelming power upon states which are in addition rational to invite certain defeat. (Boyd, 2007)Using the Theory of Collective Security The first recognizable make water of collective security began with the formation of the conference of Nations established at the Paris Peace Conference discipline after World War I in 1919 (Veatch, 2011). The unify of Nations (LON) was built on the causal agency-by-case mark to bring area peace and to insure that war never broke out once more. After the madhouse from the Treaty of Versailles, the League of Nations was looked at by many to bring stability to the world. Sixty-three states eventually became members of the League of Nations, including Canada, but excluding the United States of America and Germany.The League of Nations had various successes and located many gainsays. Som e of their successes have been the dispute of the Aaland Island in 1921, and whether or not it belonged to Finland or Sweden, the Upper Silesia riot in 1921, and whether or not it was discover of Germany or Poland, the conflict of Memel port in 1923, and it belonging to Lithuania, the rescue of Turkey in 1923, and the Greek attack over Bulgaria in 1925 (Trueman, 2010). Along with its successes came many failures. A found example of the League of Nations failure with collective security is that of the Manchurian Crisis. When Japan occupied part of China, which was a member of the League of Nations they were ordered to bed from the invasion and failure to do to would have resorted to penalties. Japan responded by simply withdrawing the League of Nations two old age later.Many limitations were associated with the League of Nations such that any state could withdraw from the agreement (in which many did), and that they couldnt dominate the great powers (howstuffworks, 2008). re gular(a)tually, the League of Nations came to an end during the outbreak of World War II when it failed to prevent the war. After the war, the League of Nations was replaced by the United Nations (UN) where it inherited a number of organizations and agencies from the League of Nations. Currently, the United Nations has 192 member states and is a prime example of collective security. Their main focus is to facilitate cooperation in internal law, human rights, economic development, international security, social progress, and achieve world peace with collective security throughout its 192 member states (Stromberg, 2002).Another form of collective security is the Collective Security Treaty Organization (SCTO) as well as the affect Cooperation Organization (SCO). While collective security regimes are to overwhelm power onto aggressors, in that location are as well regional collective defence regimes which are set in place to prevent threats to the peace of the region. Collective defe nce regimes are collective security agreements by members of a geographical region to join unneurotic to prevent armed aggression by an expansionist state (Kegley, 2010). Collective defence organizations include The southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO), the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), the ANZUS pact (Australia, New Zealand, and the United States), and the most(prenominal) commonly known North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). Criticisms of Collective SecurityCollective security is an all-for-one-and-one-for-all idea that has been around for a long time, but when in use, it leavend to be somewhatwhat problematical (Miller, 1999). The theory of collective security has been criticized by its limitations and eventual downfalls. As seen with the League of Nations, while it did bring some effectual and was able to settle disputes between small countries, it didnt last very long, nor did it accomplish its native focus, which was to prevent w ar.The most popular criticism of collective security is that its often viewed as macrocosm naive. With collective security, members tend to only act upon defending another members state if it is in their own best interest. Before making a decision to take action, states usually consider the outlay and potential risk involve with aiding another member within the security regime. In addition, with the collective security agreement set in place, it focuses primarily on military action right from the start and ignores any attempt to seek more peaceful solutions first, such as diplomatic and economic sanctions (Cartmell, 2010).Another criticism of collective security is that many of the member states will join the system and not pay for its costs. Arguably, the smaller member states tend to free ride on the system rather than add any voice to it. Its because of this free-riding that an organization is likely to under-produce to its cause. In contrast, with organizations based on col lective security (like the United Nations), it is herculean to acquire the great power states, such as America and Russia.Conditions Which Helps Collective Security Succeed Even with the many criticisms of collective security, there are still instances for when it can succeed. Take the United Nations for example. The United Nations demonstrates collective security through its 192 member states and has been active since 1945. It actively participates in improving the development and security of states to help achieve world peaceIn order for collective security to demonstrate its ability to be an effective and thriving tool, there are several conditions in which needs to be met to flawlessly prove it optimal efficacy. Firstly, all threats to peace must be a common concern to everyone (Kegley, 2010). That is, if aggression on a state is ignored, then it will eventually extend onto other countries and be more unmanageable to stop. Therefore, an attack on any one state within the orga nization must be treat as an attack on all states.Secondly, every member of the global system should join the collective security organization (Kegley, 2010). Instead of developing alliances against rival states, every state should join to a single united alliance. With this single alliance including each and every state, it is assumed that it would be strong enough to take off world peace and put an end to war and terrorism in the world.Thirdly, members of the organization should pledge to settle their disputes through pacific means (Kegley, 2010). Collective security requires that all members are willing to peacefully turn any disputes they may have before it turns violent. Furthermore, other means of decision makers for disagreements include a juridic organ authorized to settle controversial disagreement within the organization.Finally, if a breach of peace occurs, the organization should apply timely robust sanctions to punish the aggressor (Kegley, 2010). Members must be wil ling and able to sanction any state that is being attacked, whether it is by public condemnation, economic boycott, or military retaliation. Prospects for Collective Security against Modern ChallengesDespite the criticisms of collective security, and its past failures and successes, it still holds prospects against modern challenges such as, terrorism, civil wars, and secessionist revolts. In the case of terrorism, it is the responsibility of the collective security organization such as the United Nations, not individual member states to determine the rules of the game for consistent and efficient multilateral action against terrorism (Koechler, 2002). After September eleventh or 9/11, the United States in particular, began focusing more on terrorism and increasing its republics security against and threats or terrorist entering the country. If the United States were in alliance with the United Nations through collective security, then the probability of the attacks would have bee n greatly lowered.Alongside terrorism is another type of modern challenge known as civil wars, where a war breaks out between organized groups in a single state. If collective security were emplaced under the United Nations, and applied through every state, then again the probability of wars diminishes. Even with the lack of the great power within the United Nations organization, there is still a prospect for collective security in preventing most civil wars.The existence of secessionist revolts wouldnt be an produce if collective security was successfully imposed among every state. Secession or separative revolts are a religious or ethnic minoritys efforts, often by violent means, to gain free-living statehood by separating territory from an established sovereign state (Kegley, 2010). They attempt to overthrow the authority of the state by withdrawing from an organization or political entity. The way collective security can come into effect is that if the secessionist revolts hav e no other state to turn to because the majority of states are within the collective security organization (such as the United Nations), then they dont withstand a chance against every nation within the organization. The revolts will easily be overruled and forced not to quit the organization if a successful collective security agreement was in effect. ConclusionThrough reviewing collective security and the many entailment of its theory throughout history, we can see it has the potential to be an essential tool for world peace. That being said, there are conditions that must be met for that to come in effect. Unfortunately, for it to work flawlessly it becomes too good to be true and thats where collective security gains its reputation for its many criticisms. There are prospects for collective security against modern challenges and it stands somewhat of a chance to reduce wars and reach world peace. Every state must adapt this theory and collectively unit as a single alliance. Tho se states that are off-the-cuff to form an alliance with each and every state must face the brutal fact that there will always be rivalry between nations and its people, and must understand that it will continue to make pass to wars and alike. We must all put the theory of collective security to the test and strive for unification and world peace.