Saturday, April 11, 2020
The Desert Ecosystems Complex Interrelationships
An ecosystem refers to different sets of interrelationships among living organisms, human beings and to the way they interact with their environment. The paper will focus on complex interrelationships of a desert ecosystem. Deserts are located near two tropics: the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn; these two latitudes describe the zones where the sun is about ninety percent at noon.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Desert Ecosystem’s Complex Interrelationships specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Deserts are divided into categories some of which include hot and cold deserts but they tend to have similar characteristics. An example of a cold desert is the Antarctica desert that is among the world’s largest deserts (Tewari, 1994). A desert’s is divided into abiotic and biotic components by structure; this in lay terms refers to non-living and living components of the ecosystem. Some of the abioti c components include soil. The main type of soil found in the desert is sandy soil characterized by alkaline PH, such soils have fewer organic matter and low water holding capacity hence referred to as poor soils. Water is another abiotic component whereby deserts are characterized by little or no water. Temperature as an abiotic component tends to be high during the day and relatively low at night. Wind and climate are also abiotic components. Biotic components of a desert ecosystem consist of plants and animals, whereby these organisms have the ability to sustain extreme temperatures. They also tend to have low production levels and lack diversity because of nutrient inadequacy in this ecosystem. Desert functionality calls for different cycles, for example, the carbon cycle takes a continuous form. The cycle capitalizes on activities of biotic components, as plants take carbon dioxide, water and light in the process of trying to make food and compounds full of carbon. When these p lants wither or die, they rot hence giving back carbon elements that had been taken from the soil earlier. Later on young sprouting plants take in these elements. Animals play a vital role in ensuring the success of the carbon cycle, during respiration they do breathe in oxygen and give out carbon dioxide. When these animals die, they decompose giving back nutrients to the soil, and this ensures continuity of the cycle. Another cycle in the desert ecosystem is the nitrogen cycle; it refers to how nitrogen is consumed and replaced back to the ecosystem. In a desert ecosystem, the cycle begins with desert plants taking up nitrogen, animals then consume these plants rich in nitrogen as food, the animals are consumed by other animals (carnivores).When this happens nitrogen that was taken from the plants is transferred to the carnivores. In case of death or excretion their remains decompose giving back nitrogen to the soil, soil organisms then assimilate it making it available for the us e by plants.Advertising Looking for essay on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Functionality of the desert ecosystem is normally disturbed by certain causes some of which include natural causes. Such natural occurrences as earthquakes, earth tremors and landslides may lead to alteration of the normal functionality of the ecosystem. This may lead to the destruction of the soil structure and general structure of the desert. It may also interfere with the land and the normal systems like gaseous exchange and production levels in the desert. Anthropogenic disturbances may also interfere with the desert ecosystem; some of these include mining activities, infrastructure development activities, air pollution, overgrazing and military training activities. High occurrence of these anthropogenic activities leads to the destruction of vegetation in the desert, unstable soils in terms of structure and increased soil e rosion. Ecosystems recover from initial disturbances through resilience and the theory of secondary succession. Resilience refers to the ability of an environment to maintain its original state, activities and functions despite stress. It is a combination of methods helping to increase the system’s productivity by providing the resources for higher production. Maintenance of local characteristics of the ecosystem helps it to recover; these characteristics will help decrease soil erosion, maintain soil structure and increase diversity. Secondary succession theory can also facilitate this recovery strategy using the above quoted methods. Reference Tewari, D. N. (1994). Desert ecosystem. Dehradun, India: International Book Distributors. This essay on The Desert Ecosystem’s Complex Interrelationships was written and submitted by user Jay Cooley to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.
Tuesday, March 10, 2020
Upper Ordivician Sequatchie Fo essays
Upper Ordivician Sequatchie Fo essays Rocks belonging to the Ordovician System are exposed along Interstate 75 between Cleveland and Chattanooga in a road cut in White Oak Mtn or sometimes called Green Gap. These rocks show the upper portion of the Middle Ordovician Catheys Formation and all of the Upper Ordovician Sequatchie Formation including the Fernvale Member. The road cut exposes a section of rock that was measured at two hundred and seventy-five feet. This stratigraphic section was examined in detail to determine the paleodepositional environment in which these sections of rock were deposited. There are a total of five units that have been identified and the lithography studied in detail. These five units will be split up and described separately to clarify the content of each unit more easily. Unit one represents the Catheys Formation. This unit grades upward and has a scoured bottom. This unit consists of mostly calcirudite and shale layers with occasional siltstone overlying the calcirudite. There are nine cycles present in this unit. There are skeletal debris as well as burrows present in these layers. These rocks are carbonate-rich as well. The siltstone suggests a low energy environment of deposition, but the burrows tell of slightly more energetic conditions. Unit two represents the Sequatchie Formation. There are thin beds of calcareous siltstone that range in thickness from 1 to 1. There are fossil remnants here as well. The siltstone is rippled and cross-beds are present. Some red shales are present, which may hint to us a beach was present at that particular time of deposition. This will account for the green as well as the red rocks and also the thin-bedded ripples present. Unit three represents the Sequatchie Formation as well. The rocks present in this unit are mostly of green color, which leads us to believe they were oxidized. This unit shows evidence of a tidal flat or tidal complex ...
Saturday, February 22, 2020
Should Iran be allow to have it's own nuclear power Research Paper
Should Iran be allow to have it's own nuclear power - Research Paper Example America’s double standards in terms of foreign policies towards Israel and Muslim world are causing big concerns in the Islamic world. Many people believe that Israel already have nuclear arsenal and hence there is no point in criticising Iran’s efforts to acquire nuclear power. Many others are of the view that allowing Iran to acquire nuclear power may intensify the problems in the Middle East. This paper analyses the arguments in favour and against allowing Iran to become a nuclear power. Opponents of Iran's nuclear program often argue that Iran should opt for the more economically efficient electricity from natural gas-fired power plants. Such arguments are also not valid. A recent study by two MIT professors indicated that the cost of producing electricity from gas (and oil) is comparable with what it costs to generate it using nuclear reactors  not to mention the adverse effects of carbon emissions or the need to preserve Iran's gas reserves to position Ira n in 20 or 30 years as one of the main suppliers of gas to Europe and Asia (Sahimi et al.). It is a fact that the available fossil fuels stocks in this world are sufficient enough for 30 or 40 more years. Industries are developing rapidly and the automobile uses are increasing every day. Under such circumstances, it is necessary for all the countries to look for alternate energy sources. Iran publicly says that they are trying to develop nuclear technology to meet their energy needs. It is a fact that energy crisis is a big problem in most of the countries. Since the fossil fuel is exhausting rapidly because of the increased exploitation, it is necessary find out alternate energy sources. Many countries turned their attention towards nuclear power to solve their energy crisis. For example, India is establishing a series of nuclear power stations across their territories to solve energy crisis. Under such circumstances, disallowing Iran from acquiring nuclear power cannot be justifie d. At the same time, many reports have shown that Iran is trying to develop nuclear arsenal rather than nuclear power stations in the name of energy crisis. In other words, Iran is trying to utilize nuclear power for destructive purposes rather than constructive purposes. Heated public rhetoric has filled the newspapers and radio broadcasts since Summer, 2003, warning that Iran is nearly ready to produce nuclear weapons and that, if she were ever to actually produce those weapons, she would be an unacceptable risk to her neighbours and to Israel through direct military confrontation. Further, Iran is said to be ready to supply global terrorists with nuclear weapons, thus posing a risk to the United States, to Great Britain, and to the European Union (Nuclear Armed Iran Vs. America – Whom Should The World Fear?). If Iran is trying to develop nuclear arsenal for destructive purposes, then they should be prevented from doing so. It should be noted that the destructive power of n uclear arsenal is unimaginable. Nagasaki and Hiroshima have shown us the destructive power of nuclear weapons. The damages caused by the nuclear weapons in Nagasaki and Hiroshima are negligible compared to the capabilities of modern nuclear weapons. Under such circumstances, UN like global agencies is trying to prevent countries from developing nuclear arsenal. A war between two nuclear powers may
Thursday, February 6, 2020
Violent Crime Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words
Violent Crime - Assignment Example Research from the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) reveals that there have been more than 19 million violent crimes in the last two decades. These crimes constitute of forcible rape, murder and non-negligent manslaughter, robbery, or assault. For an individual to engage a violent crime, he or she may be forced by circumstances or has a record of criminal activities. Factors that may affect an individual’s action to commit a violent crime is dependent on cultural aspects i.e. religion and colonial heritage, age, gender, peers, and the poverty rate. Violence and crime threaten social foundation and are becoming chief obstacles to development. A critical analysis of this topic reveals that the dependent variable is the crime rate, and the explanatory variables include economic and social characteristics. Although violent crime has been discussed with a keen focus on the offender, the victim must also be regarded. From various researchers, victims of violent crimes ar e left with emotional as well as physical scars, which lead to post-traumatic stress disorder, social withdrawal, relationship strains, and in severe cases death (Ruback & Thompson, 2001). Lack of a conclusive data of victims is a major challenge in the analysis of violent crime. This is because of most victims faced by the vile act of violent crime face shame and discrimination. For instance, rape victims will opt not to report a violent act committed on their bodies due to shame and fear of discrimination (Kullgren & Nordstrom, 2003). Methods used to research this topic include data from primary and secondary sources. Primary sources include anonymous questionnaires filled in by the victims of violent crimes. Secondary sources include data from police stations and hospitals, as well as books and journals.
Tuesday, January 28, 2020
Needs Analysis Essay Example for Free
Needs Analysis Essay Majority of students lack understanding of mathematical language and show weakness in basic numerical computation. The students make frequent errors because they misread operation signs when adding or subtracting integers or carry numbers incorrectly when multiplying whole number and decimals. Furthermore, these students have difficulty understanding written or verbal directions or explanations, and find word problems especially difficult to translate. Current Conditions The current data shows that only 15 percent of the students were able to understand and perform the necessary computation with minimal errors on application problems to pass the semester exam with a 70 or above. Thus 85 percent were unsuccessful on the semester exam that focus on computation skills and understanding application word problems. Desired Conditions The optimal goal is to increase the student’s performance from its current state by 200 percent. By increasing the student’s performance, the students should be able to understand, define, and use mathematical terminology to solve difficult application problems without minimal computation errors. Data Collection Processes Discussion of Data Collection Instruments Used In order to determine what problems students had in school and what tools math teachers thought students should emphasize, interviews and focus groups were used due to the speed of receiving the results. Test score data was gathered from the district as it was already mandated by the district and results were already given. Test scores and the data retrieved from the district is meant to be similar to the state assessment that will be given towards the end of the 5th six weeks. Discussion of Sources of Data Surveys and other short interviews were given to the 6th, 7th, and 8th grade math teachers at the middle school campus. It is believed that it is partially due the lack of reviewing their own work is a potential source of the low test scores. Survey question was introduced by creating a baseline of how often teachers believed students should be checking their work. By first understanding this, it would allow a determination if there was in fact a difference between students’ actual reviewing patterns and the actual reviewing patterns. Additionally, an issue with reviewing would be if students are unfamiliar with how to check their work. By determining which skills the teachers deem to be the most productive when practicing their computation, the teachers will then be able to create a vertical alignment where instruction is built on those review skills. This would provide students with a foundation where their knowledge can be increased without the troubles of having to learn a new way to review. Typically the reverse operation would be done in order to check for the correct answer. However, if there is an issue in the basic computation it would hinder students being able to check their work. This was the reason why students were also given survey questions and were interviewed. Students would be asked how often they check their work and they would also identify their self-efficacy in computation of problems with decimals. If there is a need in that students do not check their work and if they do not feel competent in completing the problems with decimals, then it would dictate a need to reteach the material. Surveys and interviews were given to students due to their speed and their ability to quickly assess where a need was. Data Analysis Techniques Used The first survey question asked the students about the percentage of the time they reviewed their work after completing a math problem. The answer choices included: between 0-20 percent, between 20-40 percent, between 40-60 percent, between 60-80 percent, and between 80-100 percent.
Monday, January 20, 2020
The Great Gatsby A Criticism Of The Twenties (grade 11 Essay)
The Roaring Twenties is considered to be a time of excessive celebration and immense corruption. The novel, The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald is a criticism of American society and its values during this era of history. This criticism is first apparent in the people who go to Gatsby's parties. They get absurdly drunk, do not know who their host is and are rude by excessively gossiping about him. This commentary is also shown in the corruption of the police. Gatsby is able to pay off the police so that the activities going on at his home will go unnoticed and so that he may behave as he wishes. This criticism is finally shown in the corruption of friendship and love, the simple fact being that there is none. People use Gatsby and then throw him away. Fitzgerald's criticism of American society and its values during this time period is first shown in the behaviour of people at Gatsby's parties.      The people who go to Gatsby's house on Saturday night only go to have a good time. The guests get drunk, get into fights, and act like complete idiots. This behaviour is apparent when Nick goes to one of Gatsby's parties for the first time. Nick says,           The large room was full of people. One of the girls in yellow was               playing the piano, and beside her stood a tall, red-haired young lady...           engaged in song. She had drunk a quantity of champagne...she was           not only singing she was weeping too...Most of the remaining           women were having fights with men said to be their husbands...           One of the men was talking with curious intensity to a young           actress, and his wife...resorted to flank attacks...(52) The people at the party are so drunk that they are barely aware of what they are doing. As they become more drunk, they become more absurd. The woman singing a happy song bursts into tears for no reason. Men become more friendly to women other than their wives, and wives become more violent in de... ...sby believed loved him as he had loved her for so many years, did not only not attend his funeral, but did not even send a flower or message. All the people Gatsby knows uses him for their own means and then discard him. There is no such thing as friendship or love.      The Roaring Twenties is considered a time of mass corruption and excessive absurdity. F. Scott Fitzgerald uses his novel, The Great Gatsby, to criticize the American society and its values in this era. This criticism is best shown in the behaviour of the people who go to Gatsby's parties; they are careless, rude and only looking out for themselves. It is also shown in the corruption of the police, who are easily paid to look the other way. It is finally apparent in the corruption of friendship and love, the truth being that there is none. This society and its values are self-centered and materialistic, caring very little for consequences and others. Fitzgerald's message is delivered magnificently and causes one to be appalled by the behaviour of the people during this time in history. Bibliography Fitzgerald, F. Scott. The Great Gatsby. England: Penguin Books, 1950. The Great Gatsby A Criticism Of The Twenties (grade 11 Essay) The Roaring Twenties is considered to be a time of excessive celebration and immense corruption. The novel, The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald is a criticism of American society and its values during this era of history. This criticism is first apparent in the people who go to Gatsby's parties. They get absurdly drunk, do not know who their host is and are rude by excessively gossiping about him. This commentary is also shown in the corruption of the police. Gatsby is able to pay off the police so that the activities going on at his home will go unnoticed and so that he may behave as he wishes. This criticism is finally shown in the corruption of friendship and love, the simple fact being that there is none. People use Gatsby and then throw him away. Fitzgerald's criticism of American society and its values during this time period is first shown in the behaviour of people at Gatsby's parties.      The people who go to Gatsby's house on Saturday night only go to have a good time. The guests get drunk, get into fights, and act like complete idiots. This behaviour is apparent when Nick goes to one of Gatsby's parties for the first time. Nick says,           The large room was full of people. One of the girls in yellow was               playing the piano, and beside her stood a tall, red-haired young lady...           engaged in song. She had drunk a quantity of champagne...she was           not only singing she was weeping too...Most of the remaining           women were having fights with men said to be their husbands...           One of the men was talking with curious intensity to a young           actress, and his wife...resorted to flank attacks...(52) The people at the party are so drunk that they are barely aware of what they are doing. As they become more drunk, they become more absurd. The woman singing a happy song bursts into tears for no reason. Men become more friendly to women other than their wives, and wives become more violent in de... ...sby believed loved him as he had loved her for so many years, did not only not attend his funeral, but did not even send a flower or message. All the people Gatsby knows uses him for their own means and then discard him. There is no such thing as friendship or love.      The Roaring Twenties is considered a time of mass corruption and excessive absurdity. F. Scott Fitzgerald uses his novel, The Great Gatsby, to criticize the American society and its values in this era. This criticism is best shown in the behaviour of the people who go to Gatsby's parties; they are careless, rude and only looking out for themselves. It is also shown in the corruption of the police, who are easily paid to look the other way. It is finally apparent in the corruption of friendship and love, the truth being that there is none. This society and its values are self-centered and materialistic, caring very little for consequences and others. Fitzgerald's message is delivered magnificently and causes one to be appalled by the behaviour of the people during this time in history. Bibliography Fitzgerald, F. Scott. The Great Gatsby. England: Penguin Books, 1950.
Sunday, January 12, 2020
Bullet in the Brain by Tobias Wolff Essay
â€Å"Bullet in the Brain†is a short story written by Tobias Wolff. The story is about a book critic named Anders, while waiting in a long line at the bank he is the victim of an armed robbery and gets shot and killed. The story is divided in to two parts, and this division allows the reader to see a contrast between two parts of main character’s personality. I want to argue in this essay that the combination of Anders love of words and negative past experiences are what led to his death, and demonstrate the contrast of Anders wisdom when he was younger ,and innocence when he was older, as a consequence of that combination. In the first part of the story when Anders is waiting in line, he’s witness to an armed robbery and he is sarcastic and cynical until he got shot in the head. In the second part the bullet inside Anders brain slows down time to let the reader witness the negative past experience that made him such a cynical sarcastic and childish person that he was when he got shot. I will start from the second part of the plot when he got shot. In this part of the story we see more sides to Anders character. We have a short summary of Anders past experience in life that made him so cynical and sarcastic like he is to the point he got shot. The highlight of the second part is that the writer made a list of memories that Anders would not remember, the readers, have a better perspective to Anders personality: â€Å"He did not remember his first lover, Sherry, or what he had most madly loved about her, before it came to irritate him-her unembarrassed carnality, and especially the cordial way she had with his unit, which she called Mr. Mole As in ‘Uh-oh, looks like Mr. Mole wants to play†. This is an example of Anders personality when he loves a woman and adores her choice of words of how she called he’s genital and gets him irritated after a while. Anders did not remembered his wife whom he had also loved before she exhausted him with her predictability†. Another example of someone he loved that he got tired of. â€Å" Anders did not remembered his dying mother saying of his father ‘I should have stabbed him in his sleep†. Another example of a negative experiences that accrued Anders that left a mark and vanished his innocent and made him bitter. The highlight of this part of the plot is a memory of a much earlier moment in his life that shows a contrast to the cynical, sarcastic character whose comments cost his life. As a boy, Anders accepted and admired the musical qualities of someone’s faulty grammar and had the wisdom not to ask the Coyle’s cousin to repeat his words that the other kids wont think him as a jerk, but as an adult Anders seems only to find these flaws as a kind of noise and had no wisdom to keep he’s mouth shut as expected from him. Here, we see a memory evoked at the moment of impact. â€Å"Some one asks the cousin what position he wasn’t to play. ‘Shortstop’. The boy says, â€Å"shortstop the best position they is†. Anders turns and look at him. He wants to hear Coyle’s cousin repeat what he’s just said, thought he knows better than to ask. the others will think that he is a jerk, ragging the kid for his grammar. But that isn’t it, Anders is strangely roused, elated by those final two words. Their pure unexpectedness, and their music. He takes the field in a trance, repeating them to himself. †Here we see what Anders is actually enthusiastic about, and likes the words for their music, even though they are grammatically wrong, as he repeats them to himself it puts him into a trance in the field. Here he celebrates the simple unexpected usage of words that sounds beautiful to his ear. In the first part the reader gets to know Anders the book critic, His known for the â€Å"weary, elegant, savagery with which he dispatched almost everything he reviewed. †he’s character is very cynical, sarcastic and arrogant. Through out the story Anders was sarcastic, cynical and criticizing everything, that was the cause of his death. In the beginning when he is waiting in line, in the bank, one of the tellers closes her position, Anders was listing to the woman in front of him complaining: â€Å"Oh that’s nice. One of them said, she turned to Anders and added, confident of his accord, â€Å"one of those little human touches that keep us coming back for more†. Anders had convinced his own towering hatred of the teller, but he immediately turned it on the presumptuous crybaby in front of him. †Damned unfair†he said â€Å"tragic really if they are not chopping off the wrong leg or bombing your ancestral village they closing their position. She stood her ground. â€Å"I didn’t say it was tragic,†she said â€Å"I just think it’s a pretty lousy way to treat your customers†. â€Å"Unforgivable†Anders said. â€Å"Heaven will take note†. Even though that Anders was upset from the position closing, he took his anger out on the lady in front of him by being sarcastic, cynical and arrogant. It’s ironic that Anders said â€Å"Heaven take note†and in the end he is the one that got shot. We witness how the love of words get Anders to react in a careless way: â€Å" Keep your big mouth shut! †the man with the pistol said, thought no one had spoken a word. â€Å"One of you tellers hit the alarm, you’re all dead meat†. â€Å"Oh, bravo†Anders said, â€Å"’Dead meat’†. He turned to the woman in front of him. †Great script, eh? The stern, brass-knuckled poetry of the dangerous classes. Anders critic of the robber’s choice of words makes him act in away if like he is the audience of a bad play and shares he’s critic with the ladies a front of him. Anders mocks the robbers and feels superior to them by saying: †The stern, brass-knuckled poetry of the dangerous classes. †. This is evidence that proof how passion Anders is for words and is not aware of any danger that might happen. When the robbers addresses Anders:†’ hey! Bright boy! Did I tell you to talk? ’ â€Å"No†, Anders said. â€Å"Then shut your trap†. â€Å"Did you hear that? †Anders said. â€Å"’ Bright boy’. Right out of the killers†. Anders is mocking the robbers choice of words, instead of be quiet like an adult should behave in this kind of situation, but he is behaving childishly and risk himself and the people that are next to him. Anders got the robbers attention and they made him look up the ceiling, he couldn’t help it, even when the robbers are pointing a gun to him and warned him a few time Anders started to laugh at the robbers face and got shot. : â€Å" ‘What’s so funny, bright boy? ’ ‘Nothing’. ‘You think I’m comical? You think m some kind of a clown? ’ ‘No’. ‘Fuck with me again, your history, capiche? ’ Anders burst out laughing. Covered his mouth with both of his hands and said, â€Å" I’m sorry, I’m sorry†than snorted helplessly through his fingers and said: â€Å"Capiche-oh, God , capiche. †And at that the man with the pistol raised the pistol and shot Anders right in the head†. This moment in the plot emphasize my argument, Anders love of words with his negative past experience is what led him to his death in the bank and he couldn’t help him self to get out of it. If this situation happen when Anders was a child he probably wouldn’t say a word to the robbers, but as an adult he couldn’t act wise and shut up.
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